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Parasitology Lab > Fecal Artifacts > Flashcards

Fecal Artifacts Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Feces contain various components including:

A
  • undigested food
  • Digestive by-products
  • Human cells
  • Secretions from digestive tract
  • Microorganisms
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2
Q

Found in human samples are responsible for incorrect identification

A

Artifacts

“Confusers”

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3
Q

MTs should adhere to:

A
  • identification protocols
  • QC
  • reference materials (atlas)
  • consultants.
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4
Q

Pollen resemble ______________.

A

Taenia other helminth eggs

Check size and shape

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5
Q

Has no little to no internal structures

A

Pollen

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6
Q

Lacks 6-hooked oncosphere lack of embryo wall

A

Pollen

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7
Q

Vegetable Cells may be confused with __________

A

helminth eggs

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8
Q

Appear in larger in sizes compared
to helminth eggs

A

Vegetable Cells

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9
Q

Polygonal and flattened

A

Vegetable Cells

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10
Q

Interior portion is unorganized and
contain large vacuoles

A

Vegetable Cells

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11
Q

”ladder-like” appearance

A

Vegetable Spirals

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12
Q

Vegetable Spirals may be confused with ____________ because of shape and size

A

helminth
larva

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13
Q

Lacks head or tail region

A

Vegetable Spirals

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14
Q

Plant Hair/Fiber may be confused with __________
because of shape and size

A

helminth larva

(Hookworms and Strongyloides)

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15
Q

Lacks head or tail region (2)

A

Plant Hair/Fiber

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16
Q

They are often broken at one end

A

Plant Hair/Fiber

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17
Q

Have a refractile center

A

Plant Hair/Fiber

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18
Q

Lack internal structures seen in true parasites

A

Plant Hair/Fiber

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19
Q

Round to oval in shape ~ 4 to 8 um in size

A

Yeast

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20
Q

Yeast may be confused with ________, ________, __________, ___________, or _________.

A
  • Cryptosporidium spp.
  • Cyclospora spp.
  • microsporidia
  • helminth eggs
  • protozoan cysts
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21
Q

Yeast is normally present in stool hence reporting is not always necessary
Exception:

A
  • Fresh or freshly preserved stools with significant numbers of budding yeast
  • The presence of branching pseudohyphae
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22
Q

Fresh or freshly preserved stools with significant
numbers of budding yeast may indicate what?

A

systemic
infection

especially in immunosuppressed patients

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23
Q

The presence of branching pseudohyphae may be
an indication of what?

A

pathogenicity of the yeast present (Candida spp.)

should be reported.

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24
Q

Round to irregular round-shaped

A

Starch Cells/Granules

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25
Starch Cells are called “Starch granules” if?
<10 um
26
Very refractile
Starch Cells/Granules
27
Has no internal structure or nucleus (2)
Starch Cells/Granules
28
Starch Cells/Granules May resemble what? give examples.
protozoan cysts (E. hartmanni & E. nana)
28
In Iodine Staining of Starch Cells/Granules, Undigested starch stains =
Blue-black
29
In Iodine Staining of Starch Cells/Granules, Partially digested =
Red/Pink
30
Protistan parasites of crayfish
Beaver Bodies
31
Present in stool if crayfish is consumed in significant amounts
Beaver Bodies
32
Beaver Bodies are also called?
corpora parasitica
33
Beaver Bodies resemble?
helminth ova
34
No clinical significance
Beaver Bodies
35
Spherical in shape
Fat Globules
36
Fat Globules resemble?
protozoan cysts
37
Large amounts of fat globules may indicate presence of
excess fecal fat | (steatorrhea)
38
Qualifications for steatorrhea
- >60 large droplets per HPO - 6 to 75 um
38
Fat globules in normal samples:
100 small droplets, <4 um in diameter per HPO
39
Rectangular in shape
Muscle Fiber
40
With or without striations
Muscle Fiber
41
Normally present especially in high red-meat diet
Muscle Fiber
42
Presence of too much muscle fibers
“creatorrhea”
42
Increased amounts of striated fibers are seen in:
* biliary obstruction * gastrocolic fistulas * pancreatic insufficiency (cystic fibrosis)
43
Muscle fibers may be confused with?
tapeworm proglottid
44
Seen in improperly prepared wet mounts/smear
Air Bubbles
45
Average size 14 um (10 - 12 um on permanent stained smear)
Neutrophils (PMNs)
46
Ratio of nuclear material material to cytoplasm 1:1
Neutrophils (PMNs)
47
Nucleus: 2 - 4 segments connected by narrow. short chromatin bands. Segments may appear as seperate nuclei like those of E. histolytica/ E. dispar cysts, focus carefully to reveal connecting chromatin strands
Neutrophils (PMNs)
48
Granular cytoplasm
Neutrophils (PMNs)
49
Trichrome staining characteristics similar to E. histolytica/ E. dispar
Neutrophils (PMNs) and Macrophage
50
Average size, 20 um (less on permanent stained smear)
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts)
51
Ratio of nuclear material material to cytoplasm, 1:2 to 1:3
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts)
52
Uniform, agranular cytoplasm, may contain RBCs
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts)
52
Nucleus: round with central karyosome and peripheral chromatin
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts)
53
Trichrome: green cytoplasm, dark red nuclear material
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts)
54
Size: 30 to 60 um, may be 5 to 10 um less on permanent stained smear
Macrophages
55
Ratio of nuclear material material to cytoplasm, 1:4 - 1:6
Macrophages
56
One large nucleus that may be irregular in shape (like monocyte nucleus)
Macrophages
57
Usually contains ingested debris, PMNs, and RBCs
Macrophages
58
May contain red-staining round bodies and nucleus may be absent
Macrophages
59
Trichrome staining characteristics similar to E. histolytica/ E. dispar
Neutrophils and Macrophages
60
Size: 12 to 60 um; average, 20 um (less on permanent stained smear
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites)
61
Ratio of nuclear material to cytoplasm, 1:10 to 1:12
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites)
62
These are formed from the break-down products of eosinophils
Charcot Leyden Crystals
63
Seen in stool or sputum
Charcot Leyden Crystals
64
Slender crystals with pointed ends “diamond-shaped”
Charcot Leyden Crystals
65
Stain red-purple with trichrome stain
Charcot Leyden Crystals
66
Reported as ”Charcot-Leyden Crystal Present” when seen
Charcot Leyden Crystals
67
May indicate hypersensitivity/allergic reaction and parasitic helminth infections
Charcot Leyden Crystals
68
With large, refractile nucleus. With distinct cell borders
Epithelial Cells
69
Epithelial Cells types found:
* Squamous epithelial cells (from anal mucosa) * Columnar epithelial cells (from intestinal mucosa)
70
Epithelial Cells look like?
amebic trophozoites
71
Lack the typical interior structures of amebic trophozoites
Epithelial Cells

Parasitology Lab (7 decks)

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