Laboratory Safety and Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal Flashcards by VERNARD DOMINIC ALOYON

Q

Potential Risks in the lab

A

Ingestion of eggs/ova
skin penetration of infective larva
infection of non-parasitic agents

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Q

Keep the work areas ________

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

uncluttered

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Q

Always wash your hands with __________ when you enter and leave the laboratory.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

soap and water

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Q

Always wear your laboratory coat when in the laboratory and remove it when leaving; laboratory coats and personal clothing should ______ in the same locker.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

not be stored

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Q

Always wear _______ when handling potentially dangerous biological or chemical substances.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

gloves

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Q

Are sandas allowed?

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

No

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Q

Wear ______ for protection against splashes, sprays and UV protection.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

safety glasses

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Q

Handle toxic substances (e.g formalin) under a _____

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

safety hood

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Q

Unequivocally ____ all preparations and samples to be analyzed

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

label

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Q

Dispose of all ______ appropriately and safely

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

waste

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Q

_______ and _______ the work area at the beginning and end of each laboratory session

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

Clean
disinfect

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Q

________ of the laboratory clipboard/notepad/pen/pencil used for they are potentially contaminated

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

Do not take out

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Q

Do not store _______ in the laboratory

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

Food and Drinks

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Q

Do not eat and/or drink in the laboratory, nor bring hands or other objects (e.g. pencils, make-up, contact lenses) to your _________ or _______.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

mouth or
eyes

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Q

Fixed stool specimens in _______ MAY STILL BE
INFECTIOUS

A

formalin

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Q

________ can still develop and are infectious even if preserved in formalin

A

Ascaris eggs

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Q

Timing: Blood should be collected _______ treatment is initiated

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

before

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Q

________ exhibit periodicity

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

Microfilariae

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Q

When ________ and ________ are suspected, blood smears should
be examined without delay

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

Malaria and babesiosis

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Q

What type of blood sample is used?

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

Venous blood or capillary blood

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Q

Fecal specimen is best collected in clean, wide-mouthed containers made of _________ or ________ with a tight-fitting lid to ensure retention of moisture and to prevent accidental spillage

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

waxed cardboard or
plastic

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Q

Fecal specimen should be submitted with the following information:

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

patient’s name
age
sex
date/time of collection
requesting physician
requested procedure
presumptive diagnosis
prior infections
travel history

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Q

Intake of drugs/medicinal substances that can affect specimen:

A

▪ antacids
▪ anti-diarrheals
▪ barium
▪ bismuth
▪ Laxatives

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Q

This usually decreases the number of protozoans for several weeks

Study These Flashcards

A

Intake of antibiotics

In routine stool examination, what size for formed stool?

thumb-sized specimen

Amount of stool to be collected dictated by the _________ that will be used

techniques

In routine stool examination, what size for watery stool?

5 to 6 tablespoons

Contamination with toilet water, urine, or soil must be prevented because it can destroy ________.

protozoan trophozoites

Contamination with toilet water, urine, or soil must be prevented because it may contain _______ that would complicate diagnosis of infections

free-living organisms

Age of the stool sample is very important for _________.

diarrheic specimens

trophozoites are likely to die within ________ after passage

30 minutes to 1 hour

Delay in examination of specimens may require ________ to ensure that parasites are present in the identifiable stage

preservation

What is the acceptable temperature in the temporary storage of fecal samples.

3-5°C

prolonged refrigeration can bring about ________

desiccation

_________ are killed by refrigeration

trophozoites

What are usually not damaged in refrigeration?

helminth eggs and protozoan cysts

never freeze _______

stool samples

never keep stool samples in ______

incubators

an all-purpose fixative | Stool Preservatives

Formalin

Formalin concentration recommended for protozoan cysts | Stool Preservatives

5% concentration

Formalin concentration recommended for helminth eggs and larvae | Stool Preservatives

10% concentration

Formalin may be buffered with _________ to preserve the morphological characteristics of the organisms | Stool Preservatives

sodium phosphate

preserved stool can be concentrated using ________. | Stool Preservatives

formalin-ether/ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT)

used to preserve fresh stool in preparation for staining the stool smears | Stool Preservatives

Schaudinn’s solution

Schaudinn’s solution contains __________ (highly toxic to humans; problems of mercury disposal may arise) | Stool Preservatives

mercuric chloride

a plastic resin which serves to adhere a stool sample onto a slide | Stool Preservatives

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is normally incorporated into the _________ | Stool Preservatives

Schaudinn’s solution | (actual fixation is done by the Schaudinn’s)

main advantageof Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA): related to the preservation of protozoan cysts and trophozoites for ________ | Stool Preservatives

permanent staining

stools preserved in PVA can be concentrated using _______ and can be shipped to any laboratory for further examination | Stool Preservatives

FECT

drawback of PVA: use of __________ | Stool Preservatives

mercuric chloride

useful for the fixation of intestinal protozoans, helminth eggs, and larvae | Stool Preservatives

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF)

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF) contains ___________ and _________ which act as staining components | Stool Preservatives

merthiolate (also called thimerosal) and iodine

In Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF), ______ acts as the preservative | Stool Preservatives

formalin

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF) is useful for the fixation of _________, ___________ and __________. | Stool Preservatives

intestinal protozoans, helminth eggs, and larvae

has the advantage of not containing mercuric chloride | Stool Preservatives

Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin (SAF)

Images of organisms fixed in SAF - after staining compared with those fixed in PVA or Schaudinn’s solution. | Stool Preservatives

not as sharp

a liquid fixative with a long shelf-life | Stool Preservatives

Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin (SAF)

After processing fresh stool sample discard all used consumables (e.g. applicator sticks, slides) in a ___________.

container with bleach solution

After processing fresh stool sample, the remaining unprocessed fresh samples may be preserved or discarded in a ________

yellow waste container | (stool must be tightly sealed inside the pilot container)