Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Parasitology Lab > PROTOZOAN > Flashcards

PROTOZOAN Flashcards

(169 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Kindom Protozoa:

A
  • Phylum Amoebazoa
  • Phylum Metamonada
  • Phylum Euglenozoa
  • Phylum Ciliophora
  • Phylum Apicomplexa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Under Phylum Amoebazoa:

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. E. coli
  3. E. hartmanni
  4. Iodamoeba bütschlii
  5. Endolimax nana
  6. Naegleria fowleri
  7. Acanthamoeba spp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Under Phylum Metamonada:

A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Dientamoeba fragilis
  3. Chilomastix mesnili
  4. Trichomonas vaginalis
  5. T. tenax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Under Phylum Euglenozoa:

A
  1. Leishmania spp.
  2. Trypanosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Under Phylum Ciliophora:

A
  1. Balantidium coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Under Phylum Apicomplexa:

A
  1. Babesia spp.
  2. Plasmodium spp.
  3. Toxoplasma gondii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characterized by the presence of hyaline foot-like extrusions from the ectoplasm

A

Amoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All amoeba are intestine dwellers except: _________

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

All amoeba are commensals except: _________

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In amoebas, Cyst is the infective stage except: _________

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amoebas are under Phylum Sarcomastigophora before, now ___________

A

Phylum
Amoebazoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amoeba
4 Stages in the life cycle

A
  1. Trophozoite
  2. *Pre-cystic stage
  3. Cystic stage
  4. Metacystic stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cyst stage that has the max number of nuclei

A

Cystic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

process when trophozoite transforms into a cyst

A

Encystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

process when a cyst transforms into a trophozoite

A

Excystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For the movement of ameoba

A

Pseudopodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Max nucleus of trophozoites of amoebas

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Seen in immature amoeba cysts

A

chromatid bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Common in people who live in tropical areas with poor sanitary
conditions

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most pathogenic amoeba; true pathogen

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica is reflected in its ability to cause__________ and _____________

A
  • invasive intestinal amoebiasis
  • extraintestinal amoebic infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Habitat of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Large intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Infective Stage of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Final Host of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Virulent Stage of Entamoeba histolytica
Trophozoite
24
MOT of Entamoeba histolytica
Ingestion of mature cyst
25
Max nucleus of mature cyst of Entamoeba histolytica
“tetra/ quadrinucleated”
26
Shape of E. histolytica cyst
Round with thin cell wall
27
The cyst of E. histolytica have a evenly distributed _________
peripheral chromatin
28
Shape of the chromatoidal bar of E. histolytica cyst
cigar shape
28
Location of karyosome of the cyst of E. histolytica
centrally located
29
Size of E. histolytica cyst
10-20um (usually, 12-15 um)
30
E. histolytica is similar in morphology with:
- E. moshkovskii - E. hartmanni - E. dispar
31
motolity of E. histolytica trophozoites
Progressive aggressive/rapid directional
32
The characteristic of E. histolytica trophozoites of swallowing RBCs
Hematophagia
33
Vegetative/feeding stage
Trophozoites
34
Cytoplasm of E. histolytica trophozoites appearance
finely granular, “ground-glass appearance
35
E. histolytica trophozoites have a nucleus with evenly distributed _______________
peripheral chromatin
36
Size of E. histolytica trophozoites
12-60um (usually, 15-20 um)
37
Diagnosis for E. histolytica
1. Direct fecal smear 2. Concentration Technique 3. Culture Media 4. Stains 5. Serological tests
38
Non-pathogenic ameoba lumen dweller
Entamoeba coli
39
Entamoeba coli MOT
ingestion of cysts from contaminated water or food
40
Shape of E. coli cyst
Spherical/oval
41
Appearance of the peripheral cromatin of E. coli cyst
coarsely granular/clumped unevenly distributed
42
Shape of E. coli cyst chromatoidal body
splinter shaped with rough, pointed ends
43
E. coli cyst size
10-35 um (usually, 15-25um)
44
Appearance of pseudopodia of E. histolytica
hyaline, fingerlike pseudopodia
45
Appearance of pseudopodia of E. coli
blunt and granular pseudopodia
46
Movement of E. coli
Sluggish, nondirectional
47
Location of karyosome of E. coli trophozoite
eccentric
48
Octonucleated with eccentric & large karyosome
E. coli cyst
49
Appearance of E. coli trophozoite peripheral chromatin
Unevenly arranged and clumped peripheral chromatin
50
Appearance of E. coli trophozoite cytoplasm
Granular cytoplasm usually vacuolated, contains debris
51
Size of E. coli trophozoite
15-50 um (usually, 20-25um)
52
Spherical shape | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Entamoeba hartmanni cyst
53
4 nuclei | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
- Entamoeba hartmanni (common 2 nuclei) - Endolimax nana cysts
54
Evenly distributed, difficult to observe Peripheral chromatin | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Entamoeba hartmanni cyst
55
Small centrally located Karyosome | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Entamoeba hartmanni cyst
56
Chromatoidal bodies with blunt, round, smooth edges | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Entamoeba hartmanni cyst
57
5-10 um in size | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
- Entamoeba hartmanni - Endolimax nana cyst
58
Oval or spherical shape | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
- Endolimax nana - Iodamoeba butschlii cyst
59
1 nucleus | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Iodamoeba butschlii cyst
60
No peripheral chromatin | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
- Endolimax nana - Iodamoeba butschlii cyst
61
Smaller then karyosome in trophozoites | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Endolimax nana cyst
62
Large usually eccentric refractile granules may be on one side (“basket nucleus”) | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Iodamoeba butschlii cyst
63
Chromatoidal bodies are rarely present/ fine linear faintly visible in stained smears | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Endolimax nana cyst
64
No chromatoidal bodies With Large compact, welldefined mass (reddish brown if stained with iodine) | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Iodamoeba butschlii cyst
65
5-10 um in size | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
- Entamoeba hartmanni - Endolimax nana cyst
66
5-20 um in size | Other intestinal protozoa cyst
Iodamoeba butschlii cyst
67
Non progressive | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite
68
Sluggish usually non progressive | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
- Endolimax nana trophozoite - Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
69
Mononucleated | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
- Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite - Endolimax nana trophozoite - Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
70
Peripheral chromatin is Same with E. histolytica/E. dispar | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite
71
Usually no peripheral chromatin | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
-Endolimax nana trophozoite - Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
72
Small, may be centrally located or eccentric Karyosome | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite
73
Large, irregularly shaped; blotlike appearance Karyosome | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Endolimax nana trophozoite
74
Large, may be surrounded by refractile granules that are difficult to see (“basket nucleus”) Karyosome | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
75
Cytoplasm is Finely granular may contain bacteria | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite
76
Cytoplasm has bacteria | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Endolimax nana trophozoite
77
Cytoplasm is Granular and heavily vacuolated w/ bacteria | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
78
5-12 um in size | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite
79
8-20 um in size | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
80
6-12 um in size | Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite
Endolimax nana trophozoite
81
These are protozoans characterized by the presence of whiplike locomotory organ
Flagellates
82
Flagellates are under what phylum?
Phylum Metamonada
83
Flagellates are under of Phylum Sarcomastigophora before, now ________
Phylum Metamonada
84
Flagellates with no cyst stage:
* Trichomonas vaginalis * Trichomonas hominis * Before: Dientamoeba fragilis*
85
* Found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces (poop) from infected humans or animals
Giardia duodenalis
86
Giardia duodenalis old name
Giardia Lambia
87
Foul-smelling diarrhea with increased amount of fat and mucus but no blood
Giardiasis
88
Host of Giardia duodenalis
Humans and other mammals, birds and reptiles
89
Reproduction of Giardia duodenalis
Binary fission
90
Habitat of Giardia duodenalis
Intestine
91
size of G. duodenalis cyst
8-19 um x 11– 14 um (LW)
92
shape of G. duodenalis cyst
Oval, ellipsoidal
93
Max nuclei of G. duodenalis cyst
4
94
shape of G. duodenalis trophozoite
Pear/Spoon shaped/teardrop (pointed posterior)
95
Size of G. duodenalis trophozoite
10-20um x 5-15um
96
Motility of G. duodenalis trophozoite
Falling leaf
97
Max nuclei of G. duodenalis trophozoite
2
98
How many pairs of Flagella of G. duodenalis trophozoite
4
99
Location of pairs of flagella in G. duodenalis trophozoite
- anterior - posterior - ventral - lateral
100
Shape of median bodies of G. duodenalis trophozoite
Claw-hammer-shaped
101
occupies ½ - ¾ of ventral surface of G. duodenalis trophozoite
Sucking disk
102
Pathology of G. duodenalis:
- Similar to amebiasis and bacterial diarrhea - Traveler’s diarrhea - gay bowel syndrome - Epigastric pain - flatulence - fat malabsorption
102
Aka string test
Entero-Test
103
Diagnosis of G. duodenalis:
- Routine stool examination - Entero-Test - Duodenal aspirate examination - Immunoassays - Tissue biopsy - Molecular Testing
104
Parts of G. DUODENALIS trophozoites
- nuclei - median (parabasal) bodies - Flagella - axostyle - axonemes
105
Flagellates that are originally described as ameba
Dientamoeba fragilis
106
Max nuclei of Dientamoeba fragilis Trophozoite and cyst
1 or 2 nuclei
107
MOT of Dientamoeba fragilis
- fecal-oral route - Ingestion of trophozoites and/or cysts (person to person)
107
Nuclear membrane of Dientamoeba fragilis Trophozoite and cyst has no _______________
peripheral chromatin
108
Karyosome of Dientamoeba fragilis Trophozoite and cyst has 4-6 ___________
discrete granules
109
May be conveyed in helminth eggs (Enterobius vermicularis infection)
Dientamoeba fragilis
110
Usually asymptomatic
Dientamoeba fragilis
111
Dientamoeba fragilis Common symptoms:
intermittent diarrhea w/ excess mucus
112
Dientamoeba fragilis is not detected by ___________
concentration techniques
112
Diagnosis of Dientamoeba fragilis:
- DFS - Prompt fixation of fresh stool w/ PVA fixative or Schaudinn’s fixative has been helpful.
113
Trichomonas vaginalis stages
- Pseudocystic stages - Trophozoites
113
Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis
Pear-shaped/pyriform
114
Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis Pseudocyst
round
114
size of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites
7-23um x 5-15um
115
Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites
Flagellate and ameboid – pear shaped
115
Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites
jerky, rapid, non-directional
116
Location of flagella of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites
3-5 anterior 1 posterior
117
With undulating membrane
Trichomonas vaginalis
118
Transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis:
- sexual intercourse - infant delivery - use of contaminated towels & underwater
119
Habitat of Trichomonas vaginalis in males
prostate gland
119
contaminated towels & underwater
fomites
120
Trichomonas vaginalis is found usually in what specimen
urine
120
Habitat of Trichomonas vaginalis in females
Vagina/cervix
121
Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis:
* Urinalysis* * Vaginal discharge, vaginal scrapings examination * Cervical smear* * Seminal, prostatic fluid examination * Fluorescent staining * Culture * Immunoassays * Molecular testing
122
Non-pathogenic Flagellates
- Pentatrichomonas (Trichomonas) hominis - Trichomonas tenax - Chilomastix mesnili
123
SAMPLE USED FOR DIAGNOSIS of T. hominis:
Fecal contamination
124
Size range of T. hominis trophozoites
7-20 um x 5 - 18 um
125
SAMPLE USED FOR DIAGNOSIS of T. tenax:
- oral pathogen - peridental disease
125
Size range of T. tenax trophozoite
5 - 14 um
126
Chilomastix mesnili Cyst size
6-10um
127
Mononucleated with distinct anterior protuberance
Chilomastix mesnili Cyst
128
Size of Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite
10-20 x 3-10um
128
With anterior hyaline knob
Chilomastix mesnili Cyst
129
Shape of Chilomastix mesnili Cyst
“Lemon shaped/nipple shaped”
130
With shepherd’s crook-like cytostome/spiral groove
Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite
130
Motility of Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite
corkscrew
131
Location of Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite flagella
3 anterior, 1 in cytostome
131
Max nucleus of Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite
1
132
Prominent cytostome extending 1/3–1/2 length of body
Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite
133
Spiral groove across ventral surface
Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite
134
Balantidium coli infection is mostly ___________
asymptomatic
134
Only pathogenic ciliate and the largest of the protozoan that parasitize humans
Balantidium coli
135
Balantidium coli is Common cause of infection on ___
pigs
136
Definitive host of Balantidium coli
pigs
136
Accidental host of Balantidium coli
humans
137
Habitat of Balantidium coli
large intestine
137
Virulence factor of Balantidium coli
hyaluronidase
138
Pathology of Balantidium coli:
⮚ Balantidiasis/ balantidial dysentery ⮚ Intestinal perforation ⮚ Colonic Ulcerations*
138
an enzyme capable of digesting hyaluronic acid present in the epithelial tissues causing ulcerations
hyaluronidase
139
Diagnosis of Balantidium coli:
- DFS - Pulmonary specimen wet preparations - Concentration Techniques - Biopsy
139
shape of Balantidium coli cyst
Spherical or oval
140
Size of Balantidium coli cyst
50 – 70um x 50-55um
140
size of Balantidium coli trophozoite
50–100 μm x 40–70 μm
141
shape of Balantidium coli trophozoite
Ovoid with tapering anterior end
141
motility of of Balantidium coli trophozoite
Motile Ciliates: rotary, boring; may be rapid
142
in older cysts, internal structure appears granular;
Balantidium coli cyst
142
Macronucleus and contractile vacuole are visible in young cysts
Balantidium coli cyst
143
Body covered with cilia, which tend to be longer near cytostome; cytoplasm may be vacuolated
Balantidium coli trophozoite
143
cilia difficult to see within the cyst wall
Balantidium coli cyst
144
144

Parasitology Lab (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions