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Anatomy > Female and Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female and Male Reproductive System Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Ovaries

A
  • Gametogenic (female Gametes) and endocrine glands
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2
Q

Ovary Location

A
  • at the tip of the uterine horns and caudal pole of their respective kidneys
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3
Q

Mesovarium

A
  • the connecting peritoneum of the oviduct mesovarium and mesosalpinx
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4
Q

Suspensory ligament

A
  • connects the ovary to the body wall
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5
Q

Proper ligament

A
  • connects the caudal pole of the ovary to the uterine horn
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6
Q

Ovarian Bursa

A
  • the space (bursa) formed by the fusion of distal mesovarium and mesosalpinx
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7
Q

Dog Ovarian Bursa

A
  • Completely surrounds the ovary with a small slit like opening
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8
Q

Cat Ovarian Bursa

A
  • covers the lateral surface of the ovary

- much wider opening and not as extensive

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9
Q

Ovarian Pedicle

A
  • consists of both the ovarian artery and vein within the mesovarium
  • > aggregates of vessels coming to the artery
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10
Q

Mesosalpinx

A
  • the connecting peritoneum on the lateral side of the ovary and takes part in making up the ovarian bursa
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11
Q

Uterine tube = Oviduct = Salpinx = Fallopian Tube

A
  • the site of fertilization
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12
Q

Infundibulum

A
  • Has fingerlike projections at the margin of the funnel called fimbriae to detect the ovum
  • Swallow and take the ova into the oviduct
  • Contains abdominal ostium
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13
Q

Ampulla

A
  • Middle part of the oviduct
  • Zig zag formation
  • Longest part, but due to the zig zag structure is accommodated into a smaller space
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14
Q

Isthmus

A
  • terminal part of the uterine tube

- In the dog, it opens into the uterine horn via the uterine papilla that project into the cavity of the uterine horn

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15
Q

Uterine papilla

A
  • opening of the uterine tube in the isthmus into the uterine horn
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16
Q

Uterus/Womb

A
  • implantation occurs here
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17
Q

Ampulla of the Uterine Tube

A
  • site of fertilization
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18
Q

Bicornuate Uterus

A
  • uterus with two horns

- dogs and cats

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19
Q

Uterine Horns

A
  • longer in the dog and the cat because they are polytocous
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20
Q

Polytocous

A
  • produce more than one offspring at a time
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21
Q

Uterine Horn Location

A
  • located in the abdominal cavity

- dorsolateral to the intestinal loops

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22
Q

Uterine Body in the Dog

A
  • uterine body is a very short segment
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23
Q

Uterine Body in the Cat

A
  • slightly longer uterine body
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24
Q

Uterine Body Location

A
  • located ventral to the rectum

- between the rectum and urinary bladder

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25
Cervix Location
- between the body of the uterus and the vagina | - it is the neck of the uterus
26
Cervix Function
- serves as a sphincter to contract muscles and close the passage when the animal is pregnant
27
Vaginal Portion (portio vaginalis) of the Cervix
- Is the vaginal part of the cervix that projects into the vaginal wall
28
Fornix Vagina
- The recess around the vaginal portion | - Located ventrally in dogs
29
Internal Ostium/Os
- the opening from the cervix towards the body of the uterus
30
External ostium/Os
- the opening from the cervix towards the vagina
31
Broad Ligament of the Uterus
- The combined mesovarium, mesosalpinx and mesometrium | - The middle part is wider which provides more mobility to the uterine horns
32
Round Ligament of the Uterus
- Is a caudal continuation of the proper ligament of the ovary - Passes through the inguinal ring (inguinal canal) in the bitch - Forms the vaginal process in the bitch
33
The Vagina and Vestibule
- Constitute the copulatory organs and the birth canal
34
Caudal Vagina
- the external urethral opening, or ostium | - At the junction between the vagina and vestibule
35
Proximal Vagina
- the vaginal fornix
36
Vestibule of the Vagina
- The female accessory sex glands are located in the wall
37
Vestibular Bulbs
- venous plexus that makes the wall thick by filling with blood, and the lumen narrow during copulation - essential for the lock phase of copulation
38
Vestibular Bulbs
- indicated by dark patches on the mucosa of the walls | - the venous concentration forming erectile tissue
39
Cats
- have a longer vestibule - both the minor and major vestibular glands are present - > Bartholin glands
40
Dogs
- only the minor vestibular glands are present
41
The vulvar lips
- form the vulvar commissures
42
The clitoris
- the female homologue to the penis
43
The Ovarian Artery
- Supplies blood to the ovary and the uterine horn
44
The Vaginal Artery
- splits into the uterine artery and the internal pudendal artery
45
Urinary Bladder
- located ventral to the rectum and dorsal to the vesicle
46
Pararectal Fossae
- Extensions around rectum dorsolaterally to midline mesorectum
47
Rectogenital Pouch
- between the rectum and the bladder
48
Genitovesicular Pouch
- Between bladder and vestibule
49
Vesiculopubic Pouch
- Between vestibule and pelvic bone
50
Constrictor Vestibuli muscle and Constrictor Vulvae muscle
- important for "tie" during mating - lock mechanism during coitus - muscles contract and reduce lumen size
51
Retractor clitoridis muscle
- root (crus) of the clitoris - smooth muscle - keeps the clitoris stable
52
Ischiourethralis muscle
- Connects the urethra to the ischiadic tuberosities | - stabilizes the urethra to the pelvic cavity
53
Ischiocavernosus muscle
- help males maintain a stable penis | - helps females tense vagina during orgasm
54
External pudendal artery and Caudal Superficial Epigastric artery
- supplies blood to the mammae
55
Hypogastric Nerve
- Sympathetic nerve supply to the external genitalia
56
Pelvic Nerve
- Parasympathetic nerve supply to the external genitalia
57
Pudendal Nerve
- motor innervation to the constrictor vestibuli muscle and constrictor vulvae muscle
58
Urethra Location
- from the urinary bladder to the vestibule - > extends from the urethral opening and urethral tubercle - on the floor of the pelvic cavity
59
External urethral orifice
- where the striated muscle sphincter (urethralis muscle) is located - > skeletal muscle/voluntary
60
Mammae Location
- Bilaterally symmetric rows | - Located in the ventral thoracic to inguinal region
61
Dog Mammae
- 8-12 mammae - most commonly 10 glands/mammae (5 pairs) - 2 thoracic pairs, 2 abdominal pairs , 1 inguinal pair
62
Cat Mammae
- 8 mammae (4 pairs) - 2 thoracic, 1 abdominal, and 1 inguinal - > only have one abdominal pair
63
Axillary and superficial inguinal lymph node
- lymph nodes responsible for drainage of the mammae
64
Lactiferous Sinus
- composed of the gland sinus and papillary/teat sinus
65
The Perineum
- is the caudal wall of the trunk - Also called the perineal, or buttock region - the pelvic outlet - muscle, fascia and skin surrounding the anus and urogenital tract
66
Dorsal Boundary of the Perineum
- Tail | - Deeper structure- Third coccygeal vertebra
67
Ventral Boundary of the Perineum
- Scrotum/Vulva | - Deeper structure - Ischial Arch
68
Lateral Boundary of the Perineum
- Skin that covers the superficial gluteal muscle, internal obturator muscle and ischiatic tuberosity - Deeper structure -Sacrotuberous ligament
69
Pelvic Diaphragm
- responsible for closing off the caudal exit of the body 1. Levator Ani 2. Coccygeus Muscle 3. External Anal Sphincter Muscle 4. Associated Deep fascia
70
Male Genital Striated Muscle
- bulbospongiosus muscle and paired ischiocavernosus muscle
71
Female Genital Striated Muscle
- constrictor vestibuli, constrictor vulvae and ischiocavernosus muscle
72
Urogenital Diaphragm
- Urethralis muscle and associated Deep fascia
73
Smooth Muscle Associated with the perineum
- rectococcygeus muscle and retractor penis/clitoridis muscle
74
Ischiorectal fossa Medial Boundary
- the tail and Anus
75
Ischiorectal fossa lateral Boundary
- superficial gluteal muscle
76
Ischiorectal fossa ventral Boundary
- internal obturator muscle
77
Rectococcygeus muscle
- between coccygeus muscle and rectum | - pulls the rectum backwards and lifts it
78
Perineal Hernia
- gap between the coccygeal and levator ani muscle - organs from the pelvic cavity protrude through and lodge under the skin - Pelvic Diaphragm ruptures and organs move into perineum, and are visible from the outside
79
Colliculus seminalis (seminal colliculus)
- Opening of the ductus deferens on each side | - Multiple openings of the prostate gland
80
Pelvic Urethra
- From the urinary bladder to the ischial arch | - Pre-prostatic and post-prostatic
81
Penile Urethra
- Enclosed within the penis | - Immediately surrounded by the corpus spongiosum
82
Ischiocavernosus muscle
- Attaches crura to the ischiatic tuberosity (ischial arch)
83
Retractor Penis muscle
- Smooth muscle (involuntary) - Holds the penis inside the prepuce when not erect - At erection, allows the muscles to relax and the glans penis protrudes out
84
Bulbospongiosus muscle
- Intrinsic muscle of the penis - Present at the bulb of the penis - Only on the root or proximal part
85
Ischiourethralis muscle
- Contracts around the dorsal vein of the penis
86
Corpus Spongiosum Penis
- Important to increase the diameter and length when blood fills (erect)
87
Corpus Cavernosum Penis
- Important for rigidity when blood fills (erect) | - surrounded by a thick layer of Tunica Albuginea
88
Corpus Spongiosum Glandis, or Glans
In the dog, it is abundant in the glans penis
89
Tunica Albuginea
- a thick covering of collagenous and elastic fibers surrounding the corpus cavernosum penis - also present at the crura - Limits expansion and provides rigidity as blood fills during erection

Anatomy (7 decks)

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