The Abdomen- Urinary Apparatus Flashcards
(46 cards)
1
Q
Paired kidneys
A
- organ/gland for urine formation
- endocrine function is the renin-angiotensin system which impacts blood pressure
2
Q
Paired ureters
A
- convey urine to the bladder
3
Q
Urinary bladder
A
- storage
4
Q
Urethra
A
- discharge of urine from the urinary bladder to the environment
5
Q
Kidney shape / features
A
- bean shaped
- non lobated
- has a hilus
- retroperitoneal
6
Q
Kidney is Retroperitoneal
A
- embedded in layers of sub-lumbar fascia and surrounded by adipose tissue
7
Q
Dog Right kidney
A
- Slightly cranial
- Commonly below the first 3 lumbar vertebrae (L1, L2 and L3)
- Ranges between T13-L3
- Renal impression on the liver is present
- > makes it less palpable!
8
Q
Dog Left Kidney
A
- Commonly below the second to fourth lumbar vertebrae (L2, L3, and L4)
- Slightly moveable when the stomach is full
9
Q
Right Kidney
A
- location is more cranial
- more so in the dog and less so in the cat
10
Q
Left Kidney
A
- location is more caudal
- if the stomach is full can shift even more caudally
11
Q
Size of Kidney in the Dog
A
- Normal kidney length is 2.5-3.5 times the length of L2 vertebra
12
Q
Right Kidney Cat
A
- Between L1-L4
13
Q
Left Kidney Cat
A
- Slightly caudal to the right kidney between L2-L5
14
Q
Size of Kidney in the Cat
A
- Normal Kidney Length is 2-3 times the length of L2 vertebra
15
Q
Cat Kidney
A
- larger, shorter and thicker
- capsular veins
- more mobile
- readily palpable
16
Q
Renal Crest
A
- inner margin of the medulla
17
Q
Medullary Pyraminds
A
- medullary zones divided by inter-lobar vessels
18
Q
Medullary Pyraminds in Dog and Cat
A
- only false pyramids exist
- only seen in paramedian sagittal section
19
Q
Right Kidney
A
- is associated with the liver/pancreas (renal impression)
20
Q
Left Kidney
A
- is associated with the spleen
21
Q
Renal pelvis
A
- The dilated part of the ureter that is inside the kidney
- Responsible for collecting urine
22
Q
Renal/Pelvic Recesses
A
- Extensions of the renal pelvis into the medulla on both sides of the renal crest
23
Q
Renal Sinus
A
- fat filled space surrounding the renal vessels and the ureter
24
Q
Ureters
A
- located from the renal pelvis to the ureteric orifice
- along the roof of the abdominal cavity
- oblique opening into the urinary bladder
25
Ureter Function
- prevents the reflux of urine into the ureter
26
Ureter in the Male
- related to the ductus deferens
27
Ureter in the Female
- related to the broad ligament of the uterus
28
Urinary Bladder
- Thick walled muscular sac that serves as a temporary reservoir of the urine
29
Detrusor muscle
- muscle of the urinary bladder
30
Urinary Bladder Location
- located on the floor of the pelvic, or caudal abdominal cavity
- When it is full, it is distended and projects further into the abdominal, or peritoneal cavity
31
Urinary Bladder in Cats
- Urinary bladder may remain on the abdominal floor even when empty
32
The Urinary Bladder is attached to the pelvic wall by:
1. Left and Right Lateral Ligaments
2. Round Ligaments
3. Median Ligaments
33
Round Ligaments
- are incorporated within the lateral ligaments towards its cranial edge
- are remnants of the fetal umbilical arteries!
34
Median Ligaments
- located ventrally to the pelvic floor
35
Vertex of the Bladder
- is the cranial (blind) end of the bladder
36
Neck of the Bladder
- is the caudal constricted portion
37
Internal Urethral Ostium
- the sphincter of the bladder
| - at the beginning of the urethra
38
Trigone
- internal dorsal wall of the bladder, neck and prostatic urethra
39
The Pudendal Nerve and Pelvic Nerve
- from the lumbosacral plexus (S1, S2, S3)
40
The Pudendal Nerve
- sensory and motor function to the external urethral sphincter
- > voluntary control
41
The Hypogastric nerve
- from the caudal mesenteric ganglion
- sympathetic innervation
- > involuntary control
- innervates
42
The Pelvic Nerve
- parasympathetic innervation
| - > involuntary control
43
The hypogastric nerve and pelvic nerve
- innervates wall and the internal urethral sphincter
44
The hypogastric nerve in cats
- caudal mesenteric ganglion from L2-L5
45
The hypogastric nerve in dogs
- caudal mesenteric ganglion from L1-L4
46
Renal Artery
- brings both functional and nutritional/oxygenated blood to the kidney
