Female Repro

Question 1

the female reproductive tract consists of 5 things

Answer 1

ovaries
oviduct
uterus
cervix
vagina

Question 2

the ovaries are responsible for

Answer 2

the development of gametes and synthesis and secretion of hormones

Question 3

the oviduct is responsible for

Answer 3

the transport fo the oocyte + associated cells from ovary to uterus

Question 4

uterus consits of what 2 things

Answer 4

myometrium and enodmetrium

Question 5

the uterus does what ?

Answer 5

provides the appropriate environment for the development of the fertilized egg

Question 6

the cervix provides a

Answer 6

strong, collagenous boundary between the uterus and vagina

Question 7

the vagina is known as the

Answer 7

birth canal

Question 8

the female gamete is known as the

Answer 8

oocyte

Question 9

when do oocytes first start to develop?

Answer 9

prior to birth

Question 10

two major types of estrogen

Answer 10

17 beta estradiol

estrone

Question 11

another major hormoen from the ovary is

Answer 11

progesterone

Question 12

where is progesterone mainly produced?

Answer 12

the corpus luteum

Question 13

the ovaries produce 2 peptide hormones

Answer 13

inhibin

relaxin

Question 14

inhibin is produced by what cell type?

Answer 14

granulosa cells

Question 15

the development of a follicle from the primordial state to pre-ovulatory stage takes how long?

Answer 15

14 days

Question 16

how long does ovulation take?

Answer 16

about 1 day

Question 17

the corpus luteum functions for about how long?

Answer 17

14 days

Question 18

FSH acts in what cells? and cause secretion of what?

Answer 18

granulosa cells and cause secretion of estradiol

Question 19

FSH and estradiol causes granulosa cells to what?

Answer 19

proliferate

Question 20

granulosa cells need what 4 things to actually proliferate?

Answer 20

FSH, estradiol LH and theca cells

Question 21

why is LH and theca cells needed for granulosa cells?

Answer 21

they create the precursers for estradiol synthesis

Question 22

the signal for ovulation is what?

Answer 22

large increase in LH secretion

Question 23

what receptor is necessary for ovulation

Answer 23

progesterone

Question 24

the formation of the corpus luteum is initiated by what

Answer 24

LH

Question 25

estrogens stimulates growth of the

Answer 25

endometrium

Question 26

estrogen acts on the myometrium to increase 3 things

Answer 26

contractile proteins, muscular activity and the number of gap junctions

Question 27

progesterone inhibits the _____ of the uterus

Answer 27

contractility

Question 28

when the corpus luteum degenerates what else happens?

Answer 28

the endometrium degenerates and is sloughed

Question 29

within mammary glands, estrogen promotes 3 things

Answer 29

duct development, stromal proliferation and fat deposition

Question 30

within mammary glands, progesterone is necessary for

Answer 30

lobuloalveolar development

Question 31

many tumors, when estrogen is removed

Answer 31

stop growing

Question 32

progesterone has a ______ effect

Answer 32

thermogenic effect

Question 33

progesterone in combination with estrogen and prolactin is involved with the

Answer 33

development and differentiation of the breast and maintenance of pregnancy

Question 34

estrogens effects on cardiovascular system (good things) (2)

Answer 34

improves lipid profile and increases the release of nitric oxide

Question 35

estrogens effects on cardiovascular system (bad things) (2)

Answer 35

increases blood clotting so it increases the chance of venous thrombosus

Question 36

estrogen maintains

Answer 36

bone density, closure of epiphyses

Question 37

estrogen also alters the pattern of fat

Answer 37

deposition

Question 38

one major action of estrogen is to increase the synthesis of what receptor?

Answer 38

progesterone!!

Question 39

at the beginning of the cycle are LH levels low or high?

Answer 39

low

Question 40

LH levels stay constant until late in what phase?

Answer 40

follicular phase

Question 41

FSH levels are low or high at the beginning of the cycle?

Answer 41

low

Question 42

FSH follows a similar pattern as

Answer 42

LH

Question 43

estrogen is low/high at the beginning of the cycle?

Answer 43

low

Question 44

estrogen increaes and increases throughout the _____ phase until about ___ hours before the LH surge

Answer 44

follicular phase, 12 hours

Question 45

there is a 2nd estrogen increase during the ____ phase

Answer 45

luteal

Question 46

estrogen levels fall again as the ________ degenerates

Answer 46

corpus luteum

Question 47

low doses of estradiol exert what kind of feedback on GnRH and LH

Answer 47

a negative feedback

Question 48

estrogen and progesterone together exert a _____ feedback on GnRH and LH

Answer 48

a negative feedback

Question 49

``` levels of estrogen progesterone FSH LH day 1-5 ```

Answer 49

low low low low

Question 50

``` levels of estrogen progesterone LH FSH day 6-10 ```

Answer 50

increases low slight decrease constant (low)

Question 51

``` levels of estrogen progesterone LH FSH day 11-13 ```

Answer 51

increases A LOT nothing rises rises

Question 52

DAY 14

Answer 52

LH surge

Question 53

``` levels of estrogen progesterone LH FSH day 15-25 ```

Answer 53

increases increases drop drop

Question 54

``` levels of estrogen progesterone LH FSH day 26-28 ```

Answer 54

decrease (if not pregnant) decrease (if not pregnant) decrease decrease