Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physio I > Motor System > Flashcards

Motor System Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Two main muscle systems in the body

A
  1. axial or proximal

2. distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

axial or proximal muscles mediate

A

posture and balance movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

distal muscles mediate

A

limb movements and fine movements of digits, throat and tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

motor neurons innervating PROXIMAL muscles are located

A

MEDIALLY in the ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

motor neurons innervating DISTAL muscles are located

A

LATERALLY in the ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medial brainstem pathway is what %?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

medial - vestibulospinal tracts originate in

A

the vestibular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

medial - vestibulospinal tracts carry information for

A

reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

medial - vestibulospinal tracts control

A

balance and posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

medial - reticulospinal tracts originate in

A

the reticular formation of the pons and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

medial - reticulospinal tracts descend

A

ipsilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

medial - reticulospinal tracts synapses in

A

the spinal cord on interneurons and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

medial - reticulospinal tracts they maintain

A

posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

medial - reticulospinal tracts they are controlled by

A

the motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

medial - tectospinal tracts originate in the

A

superior colliculus of the midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

medial - tectospinal tracts descends

A

ipsilaterally and contralaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

medial - tectospinal tracts goes down only to the

A

cervical level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

medial - tectospinal tracts coordinates

A

head and eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

medial - tectospinal tracts is controlled by the

A

motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lateral brainstem pathway is what %?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lateral - rubrospinal tract originates in the

A

magnocellular portion of the red nucleus in the midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lateral - rubrospinal tract is controlled by the

A

motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

aminergic pathways are involved with

A

reticular formation and are important for sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

muscle sensory receptors and stretch reflexes -

A

LOWEST LEVEL of motor hierarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
reflex definition
involuntary, relatively stereotyped motor response to a specific sensory stimulus
26
location of a stimulus determines
what muscle is activated
27
strength of stimulus determines
amplitude of motor response; response is graded
28
spinal reflexes
reflex is where a stimulus arises from receptors in muscles, joints or skin and where the neural circuitry is responsible for the motor response and contained entirely in the spinal cord
29
spinal reflexes are used by
higher brain centers to generate more complex behaviors and used in clinical diagnosis
30
muscle sensory receptors
sensory receptors that detect features of skeletal muscle and their afferent input is used in spinal reflex circuits
31
muscle spindel senses muscle
length and rate of change it's embeded in the muscle two types: group Ia and group II
32
golgi tendon organ senses muscle
tension during contraction located at junction between muscle fibers and tendon connected in a series with the muscle sensory axons are group Ib
33
where do axons of gamma motor neurons enter the spinal cord?
in the center of the spinal cord
34
where to axons of gamma motor neurons terminate at?
the top and bottom polar regions of intrafusal fibers
35
where do gamma motor neurons live?
ventral horn of spinal cord
36
activation of gamma motor neurons innervating the spindle causes contraction of
both polar ends of intrafusal fibers
37
control of posture
intermediate level of motor hierarchy
38
posture is the overall
position of the body and limbs relative to one another and their orientation in space
39
3 main functions of postural adjustments
1. support the head and body against gravity 2. maintaining the body's center of mass over the base of support 3. stabilize the supporting parts of the body while other parts move
40
anticipatory (feedforward)
these predict or anticipate disturbance to posture and make adjustments BEFORE motor acts - can be refined with experience like balance on a bike
41
postural set
the preparatory state where a specific postural response is selected in advance of the stimulus so that it is then execute automatically
42
compensatory (feedback)
automatic adjustments produced in a reflex-like fashion when there is an actual loss of balance to the body these responses are flexible
43
postural adjustments are generated by
pre-existing organized motor patterns that are triggered by sensory experiences; can be enhanced or reduced by the highest level fo motor hierarchy
44
voluntary movement
highest level of motor hierarchy
45
voluntary movement entails 5 major phases: 1. goal elicitation
involves prefrontal cortex | Ex: i want to walk across the room
46
voluntary movement entails 5 major phases: 2. target identification
occurs in the posterior parietal cortex, involves both visual and somatosensory cortex what is it you want to act on?
47
voluntary movement entails 5 major phases: 3. planning
occurs in secondary motor cortex, specifically the premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex this is not conscious planning - that occurs in the basal ganglia this is more like programming
48
voluntary movement entails 5 major phases: 4. execution
mediated by the primary motor cortex | it sends out the commands
49
voluntary movement entails 5 major phases: 5. feedback monitoring
occurs in the cerebellum | monitors commands coming out of cortex
50
cerebellum is divided into 4 functional parts: 1. vestibulocerebellum
makes connections with the vestibular systme to control the medial motor systema nd vestibular reflexes flocculondoular lobe
51
cerebellum is divided into 4 functional parts: 2. spinocerebellum
controls axial and proximal muscles of the medial motor system - how the cerebellum is monitoring the entire body vermis
52
cerebellum is divided into 4 functional parts: 3. spinocerebellum - intermediate hemisphere
controls distal motor neurons of lateral motor system
53
cerebellum is divided into 4 functional parts: 4. cerebrocerebellum
monitors the activity of the motor cerebral cortex and plays a role in initiation planning and timing of movements
54
cerebellar cortex consits of 2 triads
1. located in granular layer | 2. located in molecular layer
55
basal ganglia consists of 4 functial circuits: 1. motor circuit
motor planning and control (frontal lobe)
56
basal ganglia consists of 4 functional circuits: 2. oculomotor circuit
control of saccade eye movements, eye movement used when looking at objects
57
basal ganglia consists of 4 functial circuits: 3. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex cirucit
modulation of prefrontal executive cognitive functions
58
basal ganglia consists of 4 functial circuits: 4. lateral orbiofrontal circuit
behavioral set, context, emotions and motivation
59
the basal ganglia is like a what on the cerebral cortex??
a break!
60
Direct Pathway of the basal ganglia
excites the cortex
61
indirect pathway of the basal ganglia
inhibits the cortex

Physio I (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions