Male Repro

Question 1

male reproductive tract consists of 8 things

Answer 1

testes
epididymus
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourthral
ejaculatory duct
penis

Question 2

what is the function of the testes?

Answer 2

produce gametes (sperm)

Question 3

what is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 3

sperm transport and site of sperm maturation

Question 4

what is the function of the vas deferens

Answer 4

sperm transport and storage

Question 5

what is the function of the seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands

Answer 5

produce nutrients and buffers

Question 6

what is the function of the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 6

transport of sperm and fluids

Question 7

what is the function of the penis

Answer 7

delivery of sperm into female repro tract

Question 8

what 5 major hormones are involved?

Answer 8

LH, FSH, testosterone, GnRH and inhibin

Question 9

spermatogenesis is the development of the

Answer 9

male gametes from the spermatogonia to the spermatozoan stage

Question 10

when does spermatogensis occur?

Answer 10

starting with puberty

Question 11

the sertoli cells do what for developing sperm?

Answer 11

they surround and nurture it

Question 12

sertoli cells also secrete

Answer 12

growth factors

Question 13

the growth factors that sertoli cells secrete seem to regulate 3 things

Answer 13

1. mitosis
2. meiosis
3. development of the spermatozoa

Question 14

the sertoli cells form a_______ barrier

Answer 14

the sertoli cells form a blood-testis barrier

Question 15

sertoli cells secrete fluid within the lumen of the ___________

Answer 15

seminiferous tubules

Question 16

sertoli cells secrete androgen binding protein which does what?

Answer 16

keeps concentrations of androgens very high in tubules and ducts

Question 17

the seminal vesicles, bulbourethral and prostate secrete what?

Answer 17

components of the semen

Question 18

major function of the Leydig cells is to

Answer 18

synthesize and secrete testosterone

Question 19

what hormone is necessary for Leydig cells to function?

Answer 19

LH

Question 20

what are the 2 crucial steps to testosterone synthesis

Answer 20

1. conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

2. cleavage of the side chain at C17

Question 21

what are the 2 major androgens?

Answer 21

1. testosterone

2. dihydrotestosterone

Question 22

testosterone can be metabolized peripherally to what?

Answer 22

estradiol

Question 23

what enzyme converts testosterone to estradiol?

Answer 23

aromatase

Question 24

where is aromatase primarily found?

Answer 24

in the brain, breast and adipose tissue

Question 25

what convertes testosterone to dihydrotestosterone?

Answer 25

5-alpha reductase

Question 26

where is 5-alpha reductase found?

Answer 26

skin & scalp | genital skin, prostate

Question 27

where is testosterone primarily degraded?

Answer 27

by the liver

Question 28

androgens promote what 3 things to organs of repro?

Answer 28

growth, differentiation and function

Question 29

androgens are necessary for what function involving sperm?

Answer 29

spermatogenesis

Question 30

androgens stimulate the growth of

Answer 30

chest, axillary and facial hair + male pattern baldness

Question 31

androgens increase

Answer 31

libido

Question 32

testosterone is responsible for the development of what 5 things?

Answer 32

``` wolffian duct structures formation of male internal genitalia spermatogenesis increased muscle mass increased libido ```

Question 33

DHT is needed for the development of what 5 things?

Answer 33

``` male external genitalia enlargemnt of prostate/penis facial hair acne recession of hairline ```

Question 34

testosterone and DHT are what type of hormone?

Answer 34

steroid

Question 35

testosterone and DHT work by binding at

Answer 35

intracellular receptors

Question 36

LH, FSH and testosterone are required for

Answer 36

testicular function

Question 37

LH acts on ______ to stimulate testostereon ____ & secretion

Answer 37

LH acts on Leydig to stimulate testosterone production & secretion

Question 38

testosterone works with ____ to stimulate the _____ cells

Answer 38

FSH, sertoli

Question 39

LH and FSH are released from what gland?

Answer 39

pituitary

Question 40

what stimulates the release of LH and FSH?

Answer 40

GnRH

Question 41

what is the GnRH pulse????

Answer 41

it's produced in the hypothalamus and released into the portal circulation with a frequency of once an hour to once every 3 hours

Question 42

Testosterone inhibits ____ secretion

Answer 42

GnRH

Question 43

when GnRH is inhibited it inhibits what hormoen from the pituitary?

Answer 43

LH

Question 44

sertoli cell produce a hormone that inhibits what?

Answer 44

inhibin, FSH