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Physio I > Intro to Endocrinology > Flashcards

Intro to Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Intracrine

A

active principals act in the same cell that they are produced

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2
Q

example of intracrin

A

reproductive cells

granule cells in ovary follicles

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3
Q

autocrine

A

active principles act on same cells that they are secured from

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4
Q

example of autocrine

A

hormone X from Cell A acts on cell a

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5
Q

paracrine

A

active principals act on adjacent cells from where they’re secreted

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6
Q

example of paracrine

A

in pancreas with somatostatin - regulates glucagon + insulin

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7
Q

neurocrine

A

active principles released from axons and function on dendrites

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8
Q

example of neurocrine

A

neurotransmitters!

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9
Q

endocrine

A

hormones produced in certain cells and function on distant target cells

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10
Q

example of endocrine

A

substance is released from glands

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11
Q

endocrinology

A

study of glands that secrete substances internally - usually in the blood

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12
Q

hormones

A

o Secreted in trace amounts from within an organism
o Transported usually via blood, to a specific site
o Not an energy source
o Act to regulate reactions in order to bring about an appropriate response

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13
Q

Sources of hormones - head

A

pineal gland
pituitary gland
hypothalamus

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14
Q

Sources of hormones - neck

A

thyroid gland

parathyroid gland

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15
Q

Sources of hormones - abdomen

A 
pancreas
adrenal 
gut
gonad
liver
kidney
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16
Q

Sources of hormones - three other main ones

A

skin
heart
fat cells

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17
Q

chemistry of hormones 3 main classes!!!

A

tyrosine derivatives
lipids
peptides

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18
Q

tyrosine derivatives - 2 classes

A
  1. catecholamines - like DA,NE,E

2. thyroid hormones

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19
Q

lipids include the

A

steroids

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20
Q

steroids are all made from what molecule?

A

cholesterol

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21
Q

what are examples of steroid hormones derived from cholesteral?

A

estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone, testostre,

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22
Q

what’s a steroid hormone involved with calcium?

A

vit. D

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23
Q

what is a steroid hormone derived from arachidonic acid?

A

prostaglandins

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24
Q

what are some peptide hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary?

A

TRH, GnRH, GIH, GRH, CRH

hypothalamic releasing hormones

25
Q

what is the anterior pituitary peptide?

A

ACTH

26
Q

what are some of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones?

A

FSH, LH, TSH, HCG

27
Q

what are the peptide hormones with the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH (vasopressin), Oxytocin

28
Q

what are the peptide hormones that come from the pancreas?

A

insulin and glucagon

29
Q

what are the peptide hormones that come from the GI tract?

A

gastrin, CCK, secretin, IGF-1,

30
Q

what is the peptide hormone that comes from the parathyroid gland?

A

parathrormone

31
Q

what peptide hormone comes from the heart?

A

atrial naturetic hormone

32
Q

what is the peptide hormone that comes from fat cells??

A

leptin

33
Q

what kind of hormone is calcitonin?

A

peptide

34
Q

3 types of action that hormones can have

A
  1. alter transport processes
  2. alter genetic activity
  3. alter enzyme activity
35
Q

an example of altering transport processes - insulin

A

insulin stimulates glucose transport in seconds

36
Q

insulin effects glucose transport in what type of cells ? (2)

A

fat and muscle

37
Q

insulin is a mitogenic hormone, which means??

A

it stimulates cell division

38
Q

an example of altering genetic activity - estrogen stimulates mRNA for what receptor?

A

for the progesterone receptor in endometrial cells

39
Q

estrogen priming is

A

the fact that cells won’t respond to progesterone unless they have seen estrogen first

40
Q

three types of responses from hormones

A

direct
permissive
synergistic

41
Q

direct response is

A

like insulin stimulates glucose transport

42
Q

permissive responses are like

A

cortisol allows epic to stimulate glycogenolysis

basically one hormone allow the other hormone to work

43
Q

synergistic responses are when

A

2 hormones are working together to get one response

like PRL + insulin + cortisol are needed to stimulate milk formation

44
Q

hormone response depends on 3 things

A
  1. where the receptors are expressed
  2. how many of the receptors are expressed
  3. hormone concentration present
45
Q

what hormones have receptors intracellular?? (3)

A

steroids
vit. D
T3

46
Q

what hormones have cells extracellularly?(2)

A
  1. peptides

2. catecholamines

47
Q

extracellular receptor example - channel receptors like

A

calcium or sodium

48
Q

extracellular receptor example - tyrosine kinase like

A

insulin

49
Q

extracellular receptor example - cytokines like

A

PRL, GH, leptin, gherkin, EPO

50
Q

extracellular receptor example - g-protein associated receptors are

A

serpentine receptors

51
Q

calcium ions do what to membrane permeability?

A

they increase membrane permeability

52
Q

what is a bioassay?

A

something used to measure hormone concentrations in your blood

53
Q

receptors behave like what?

A

like antiboides

54
Q

hormone response depend on 2 things

A 
# of receptor
# of hormone molecules
55
Q

characteristics of receptors for hormones

A 
saturable
strict specificity
high affinity Kd
reversibility
biological actions parallel binding
56
Q

up regulation is the

A

increase in number of receptors

57
Q

down regulation is the

A

decrease in number of receptors

58
Q

serpentine receptors go through the membrane how many times? what are they the receptors for?

A

7 times; catecholamines (some peptides)

Physio I (26 decks)

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