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ANS 331 > Female Repro Tract > Flashcards

Female Repro Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The goal of reproduction is?

A

Self-replacement

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2
Q

Reproduction is an efficient process?

A

No

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3
Q

What are the 3 major structures of the female Repro tract?

A

Ovaries, oviducts, uterus

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4
Q

The ovary contains what that is fixed at birth?

A

Oocytes

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5
Q

What’s the fate of most egg and sperm cells?

A

Death

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6
Q

The ovary is in a constant state of what?

A

Change

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7
Q

The oocytes are contained within what?

A

Follicles

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8
Q

Where does the oocyte go first after ovulation?

A

Infundibulum

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9
Q

Where is the fertilization site?

A

In the ampullary- isthmus junction

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10
Q

Post ovulation, the oocyte becomes a blood clot known as the?

A

Corpus hemogarricum

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11
Q

When do we consider day zero ?

A

When the female is in estrus o shows signs of standing heat

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12
Q

After becoming the ch, the oocyte becomes what?

A

The corpus luteum

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13
Q

What is the white body that the oocyte becomes after the cl called?

A

Corpus albicans

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14
Q

The CL stimulates What hormone in order to stop follicular growth?

A

Progesterone

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15
Q

What does an increase in estradiol or estrogen mean?

A

That the follicle is growing

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16
Q

The ovary is composed of what 4 things?

A

Tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla, follicles

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17
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

The single layer of cuboidal cells that surrounds the ovary

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18
Q

The cortex is the outermost or innermost layer?

A

Outermost

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19
Q

The cortex houses the oocytes throughout what stages?

A

CL had CA

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20
Q

What is the innermost layer of the ovary?

A

Medulla

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21
Q

What does the medulla house?

A

Vasculature, nerves, lymphatics

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22
Q

Why is the mare different in ovarian structures?

A

Because the medulla and the cortex are reversed

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23
Q

Where does ovulation occur mare?

A

At the ovulation fossa

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24
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the ovary?

A

Produce ova, estrogen and progesterone, oxytocin, relaxin, inhibin, and activin

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25
Q

Follicles prior to puberty should be

A

Quiet

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26
Q

Some follicles grow in response to what hormone?

A

FSH

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27
Q

What is follicular growth called?

A

Folliculogenesis

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28
Q

What is an immature, surrounded by squamous cells follicle called?

A

Primordial

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29
Q

When an oocyte becomes surrounded cuboidal cells it’s called?

A

Primary oocyte

30
Q

What 2 things can happen to the primary oocyte?

A

They can go into a secondary follicle or degenerate

31
Q

Is the secondary oocyte under hormonal control?

A

No

32
Q

What structure appears in a secondary oocyte?

A

The zona pellucida

33
Q

What is another term for the tertiary follicle?

A

Antral follicle, graafian

34
Q

What follicle increases estradiol?

A

Antral

35
Q

What is the antrum and in which follicle does it appear?

A

It’s a fluid filled cavity that appears in the tertiary follicle

36
Q

What are the 5 layers of the female repro tract from outermost to innermost?

A

Serosa, muscularis (circular-inner,longitudinal - outer), submucosa, mucosa, lumen

37
Q

What does contractility contribute to the female repro tract?

A

Transportation of secretory products

38
Q

This separates the rectum from the female repro tract? It’s what allows for manual palpation in certain species

A

Rectogenital pouch

39
Q

The peritoneum is the abdominal wall that one point fuses with a ligament that supports and suspends the tract in the body cavity. What is that ligament?

A

The broad ligament

40
Q

The posterior vagina is made up of what type of cells?

A

Stratified squamous

41
Q

What are the 4 parts of the oviduct?

A

Infundibulum, ampulla, Al junction, isthmus

42
Q

The 3 structures of the uterus are…

A

Vagina, cervix, uterine horns

43
Q

In ruminants, there are connection spots on the uterine horns. What are maternal part of them called?

A

Caruncles

44
Q

If an ovary has a functioning, growing follicle present it will not have a functioning what present?

A

CL

45
Q

What does the Zona pellucida have the allows sperm to bind to the ovary?

A

Glycoproteins

46
Q

What can the zona pellucida prevent?

A

Polyspermy

47
Q

The 3 layers of the preovulatory follicle are:

A

Theca externa, Theca interna, and Granulosa

48
Q

What is p4?

A

Progesterone

49
Q

How many follicles for potential embryos?

A

One

50
Q

The oocyte is caught by?

A

The infundibulum.

51
Q

Finger-like projections in the infundibulum that increase surface area and the chance of catching the oocyte are called?

A

Fimbriae

52
Q

Ciliated columnar cells are found where?

A

In the ampulla

53
Q

The 3rd reservoir for spermatozoa in the female is the?

A

Isthmus

54
Q

The uterotubal junction connects what 2 things?

A

The isthmus and the uterus

55
Q

In the cow, what happens to the UTJ when estradiol decreases?

A

It straightens

56
Q

In the sow, the UTJ can prevent ?

A

Polyspermy.

57
Q

Luteolysis kills the CL via what hormone?

A

Prostaglandin

58
Q

What are the 4 types of uteruses?

A

Duplex, marsupial, bicornuate, simplex

59
Q

The myometrium of the uterus is the? The endometrium?

A

Myometrium=muscularis
Endometrium= mucosa, submucosa

60
Q

An increase in estrogen levels mean the degree of the uterus?

A

Increases

61
Q

The uterus becomes flaccid or quiet when?

A

P4 levels decrease

62
Q

What is the endometrium composed of?

A

Mucosa /submucosa

63
Q

The glands in the endometrium produce what macromolecules into the lumen?

A

Proteins

64
Q

What is the maternal portion of the placenta in ruminants?

A

Caruncles

65
Q

What is the fetal portion of the placenta in ruminants?

A

Cotyledon

66
Q

What is the main fxn of the placenta?

A

Protection

67
Q

In what species does ejaculation occur post-vaginally?

A

Sow

68
Q

In the mare, what does the cervix do in response to estradiol?

A

Dilate

69
Q

What is the copulatory organ that is poorly organized and it’s the passive birth canal?

A

Vagina

70
Q

The external genitalia of the female repro syst

A

Vulva

71
Q

The area surrounding the anus and vulva

A

Perineum

72
Q

What is the erectile tissue in females?

A

Clitoris

ANS 331 (12 decks)

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