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ANS 331 > Reproductive Behavior > Flashcards

Reproductive Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What must occur for a successful reproduction?

A

Reproductive behavior

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2
Q

The 3 big stages of reproductive behavior are?

A

Precopulatory, copulatory, and postcopulatory

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3
Q

When does the female exhibit reproductive behavior?

A

During estrus

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4
Q

When does the male exhibit reproductive behavior?

A

Potentially at any time

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5
Q

What are the 4 events that take place during the cascade of endocrine and neural event?

A

Erection, female mounting, intromission, ejaculation

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6
Q

What behavior can influence the female?

A

Courtship-specific behavior

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7
Q

What is the objective for reproductive behavior?

A

Promote the best opportunity for copulation

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8
Q

The female exhibits what 3 types of Precopulatory behaviors?

A

Attraction for males to approach and engage, proceptivity to encourage copulation, and receptivity

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9
Q

What are some behaviors observed from females to attract males?

A

Posture, vocalization, pheromones

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10
Q

Proceptivity behaviors examples?

A

Head butting, mounting

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11
Q

What are some receptive behaviors from the female?

A

Standing to be mounted, tail deviation, backing up

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12
Q

When the female comes into estrus, she may show?

A

More vocalization, locomotion and exploration

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13
Q

The first step in Precopulatory Behavior of the male is?

A

Identifying a sexual partner

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14
Q

After ID of sexual partner, males and females can exhibit courtship specific behaviors such as?

A

Vulva sniffing, Flehmen, chin resting, urination, lordosis

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15
Q

Precopulatory behaviors In the male after courtship specific behaviors include?

A

Sexual arousal, erection, penile protusion

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16
Q

What control the arousal, erection, protrusion?

A

CNS

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17
Q

Mounting and intromisión are what type of behaviors?

A

Copulatory

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18
Q

Mounting is way of doing what to the female?

A

Immobilizing

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19
Q

What is mounting?

A

Elevation of front legs to straddle caudal region of female

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20
Q

What is it called when the penis enters the vagina?

A

Intromission

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21
Q

Can Copulatory behavior be influenced by negative stimuli ? Why?

A

Yes as it is a learned behavior

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22
Q

Postcopulatory behaviors include?

A

Dismount and Refractory period

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23
Q

What is the hardest part of postcopulatory behavior?

A

Dismounting

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24
Q

What can promote or inhibit future reproductive behavior?

A

Memory

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25
Q

When the male/female won’t engage in copulatory behaviors again for a period of time it’s called?

A

Refractory period

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26
Q

What are some post copulatory behaviors exhibited from both females or males?

A

Vocalization, genital, grooming, licking

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27
Q

Where is reproductive behavior programmed?

A

In utero

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28
Q

What is masculinizations?

A

The potential of developing male-like behavior after puberty

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29
Q

Reproductive behavior is controlled?

A

Endocrine

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30
Q

What is an example of can effect of prenatal exposure exposures that only affects females?

A

Freemartins

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31
Q

Reproductive behavior only happens when what is engaged ?

A

The hypothalamus

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32
Q

In the male, what is aromatized to E2?

A

Testosterone

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33
Q

What type of supply is Testosterone and E2 in the male?

A

Constant

34
Q

In the female, E2 is high during?

A

Follicular phase only

35
Q

What initiates reproductive behavior?

A

Olfaction, vision, audition, tactility

36
Q

What things give way to olfaction stimulus?

A

Female secretions from tract and pheromones cause behavior or stimulate. Male pheromones attract or stimulate

37
Q

In swine, what two secretions contain pheromones?

A

Salive from su maxillary glands and preputial pouch secretions

38
Q

What species can ID cows in estrus?

A

Dogs and rats

39
Q

The long range signal for males is a what stimuli?

A

Vocalization

40
Q

Close encounters lead to visual cues. What is an example of males being stimulated by observing? What advantages can be seen?

A

Warm up stalls. Reduce collection time and increase sperm concentration

41
Q

The final stimulus before copulation is usually?

A

Tactile

42
Q

Example of tactile stimulus?

A

Nuzzling and neck biting

43
Q

What are the final events in the precopulatory stage?

A

Erection and protrusion

44
Q

What tissues engorge with blood?

A

Corpus cavernosa and spongiosum

45
Q

Why is there an increased rigidity of the penis?

A

Because of an increase in arterial blood flow compared to venous outflow

46
Q

Blood flow increases because of what?

A

Increase in vasodilation of arterioles and increased pressure in veins (more pooling)

47
Q

What muscle must relax?

A

Penis retractor muscle

48
Q

What straighten in fibroelastic penises?

A

The sigmoid flexure

49
Q

What muscles contract the penile veins intermittently?

A

Ischiocavernous

50
Q

What are the 5 erection events?

A

1-elevated arterial blood flow
2- corporal sinusoids dilation
3- venous outflow restriction
4- elevated intrapenile pressure
5- retractor penis muscle relaxation

51
Q

What neurotransmitter drives the erectile process?

A

Nitrous oxide

52
Q

What induces smooth muscle tone?

A

PDE5

53
Q

What drives the smooth muscle relaxation (vasodilation) of the erectile process?

A

Enzymatic reaction

54
Q

What is the 3rd step of copulatory behavior?

A

Ejaculation: sensory stimulation of glans penis

55
Q

How long is the 1st stage of coitus in the dog?

A

1-2 mins

56
Q

What happens in the 1st of coitus in the dog?

A

Mounting and intromission

57
Q

Which fraction is ejaculated in the first stage of coitus in the dog?

A

1st and 2nd

58
Q

What happens after the 1st stage of coitus in the dog?

A

The turn,a transition phase in which the male dismounts and passes a hind leg over

59
Q

How long does the turn take?

A

2-5s

60
Q

The stage of coitus in the dog in which the 3rd fraction is ejaculated and they are “tied” is?

A

The second stage

61
Q

Why are the male and female tied?

A

Because the bulbous gland is remains engorged and the vulva contracts

62
Q

What are the 4 ejaculation steps?

A

1- intromission
2- glans penis stimulation
3- contraction of urethralis, bulbuspongious, ischiocavernous muscle
4- semen expulsion

63
Q

What is ejaculation?

A

Expulsion of sperm and seminal plasma

64
Q

The movement of seminal fluids from the accessory glands into pelvic urethra to mix spermatozoa?

A

Emission

65
Q

Seminal plasma is produced by?

A

Epididymis, ampulla of vas deferens, vesicular glands

66
Q

The refractory period length depends on ?

A

Degree of sexual rest prior, age, species

67
Q

How can we manage preference of males over a single estrus female?

A

Coolidge effect: introduce females every hour to increase mounts and estrus detection

68
Q

Sexual preparation includes

A

Sensory stimulation, stimulation of PVN and Supraoptic nerve, release of oxytocin from PP, smooth muscle contraction (distal tail of epididymis and ductus deferens), spermatic transport into ejaculatory position

69
Q

What can we do to increase sperm concentration output?

A

False mounting and restraint

70
Q

What things do sperm have to do once in the female reproductive tract?

A

Transverse cervix, transported through uterus/oviduct, undergo capacitation, bind to oocyte

71
Q

What species deposit semen vaginally?

A

Cow, sheep, rabbit

72
Q

Stallion and pig deposit semen where?

A

Cervically or in uterine lumen

73
Q

The stallion ejaculates in a type of ?

A

Jets

74
Q

Which fraction that contains 3-4 squirts and most of spermatozoa is sperm-rich in stallions?

A

The first

75
Q

The boar’s 1st fraction of ejaculate contains ?

A

Accessory fluid & gel

76
Q

Which Fraction of the boars ejaculate contains gel?

A

3rd

77
Q

The dog’s fraction that contains no cells is?

A

The 1st

78
Q

The third fraction of the dog’s ejaculate is ? And occurs when?

A

Prostate. Occurs while tied in surges

79
Q

Two ways sperm can be lost in female reproductive tract?

A

Phagocytosis and retrograde transport

80
Q

What are the two phases of spermatozoa transport?

A

Rapid and sustained

81
Q

Which phase of transport is damaging to sperm?

A

Rapid

82
Q

When temporary docking to epithelium occurs, what does it do to spermatozoa?

A

Promotes viability to begin capacitation

ANS 331 (12 decks)

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