Follicular Phase

Question 1

What majorevents ave occurring in the follicular phase?

Answer 1

GnRH is elevated, follicles are growing, sexual receptivity, ovulation

Question 2

What hormone dominates this phase?

Answer 2

E2

Question 3

In low concentrations of e2, what happens to the surge center?

Answer 3

It is suppressed by a negative feedback

Question 4

In high concentrations of E2, what happens to the surge Center?

Answer 4

It is stimulated

Question 5

What marks the beginning of this phase?

Answer 5

Luteolysis and the decline in P4

Question 6

What is produced by the Antral follicle that stops FSH?

Answer 6

Inhibin

Question 7

What structures controls the start of the new cycle?

Answer 7

Hypothalamus, adenohyphosis, ovaries

Question 8

What stimulates secretion of FSH/LH from the AP so they can stimulate E2 from follicles?

Answer 8

An increase in GnRH frequency

Question 9

What are the four steps in Follicle dynamics?

Answer 9

Recruitment, selection, dominance, atresia 

Question 10

Recruitment of follicles occurs during which phase?

Answer 10

Metestrus

Question 11

Which hormone during selection decreases while the other increases?

Answer 11

FSH decreases while LH starts going up

Question 12

In dominance, something causes positive feedback which means there’s no corpus luteum, what is that something?

Answer 12

Follicle with an antrum which increases estradiol 

Question 13

What are the two main reasons that a atresia occurs in the almost 90% of the follicles?

Answer 13

Because the follicle has a lack of blood supply or it lacks LH receptors

Question 14

During the metestrus and diestrus, LH is pulsing around six times per day what is it stimulating primarily?

Answer 14

Final growth and then ovulation

Question 15

What structure changes the feedback loop?

Answer 15

The preovulatory follicle

Question 16

What is specific to cattle in terms of follicular dynamics?

Answer 16

Cattle have follicular waves where they recruit follicles select them but they undergo atresia

Question 17

Why did the follicles during bovine follicular waves undergo atresia?

Answer 17

Because progesterone is too high and they cannot ovulate because estradiol is inhibited

Question 18

During which phase does LH increase frequency to every hour to prime the brain?

Answer 18

Proestrus

Question 19

In a dominant follicle where is the LH receptor located?

Answer 19

Theca interna

Question 20

In a dominant follicle where is the FSH receptor located?

Answer 20

Granulosa

Question 21

LH stimulates CAMP and protein kinase which mixes with cholesterol to produce what?

Answer 21

Testosterone

Question 22

Where does testosterone go to get mixed with protein kinase to get converted into what?

Answer 22

Testosterone goes to granulosa cells mixes with protein kinase and it’s converted into estradiol

Question 23

In granulosa cells there are luteal cells produced primarily what?

Answer 23

Steroids (estrogen)

Question 24

What two things does L H drive?

Answer 24

The conversion of cholesterol to testosterone and estrogen levels increasing

Question 25

What is the primary target of estradiol?

Answer 25

The reproductive tract

Question 26

What does estradiol cause in organs?

Answer 26

Hyperemia

Question 27

What does the Follicle do in preparation for ovulation?

Answer 27

Synthesizes the new LH receptors by granulosa

Question 28

When LH surge is right before ovulation, what do the a interna cells produce instead of testosterone?

Answer 28

Progesterone

Question 29

When progesterone is stimulated by the a interna cells what does stimulate?

Answer 29

Collagenase to increase pressure of the antrum

Question 30

What other two hormones are secreted locally and act locally on the follicle?

Answer 30

PGE2 (remodeling) and PF2α (lysosomal enzymes)

Question 31

What is the term when more tests than are needed are released by using GnRH to increase FSH?

Answer 31

Superovulation