Female reproductive

Question 1

Ovaries function

Answer 1

Produce secondary oocytes and progesterone ,estrogen,inhibin,relaxin

Question 2

Uterine tubes function

Answer 2

Transports the secondary oocyte to the uterus it’s the site of fertilization

Question 3

Uterus function

Answer 3

Site of implantation and development of fetus during pregnancy ,inner lining sheds during menstruation

Question 4

Vagina function

Answer 4

Receives the penis and is the passageway for childbirth

Question 5

Mammary glands function

Answer 5

Synthesis and and secrete and eject milk to nourish the newborn

Question 6

Ovarian ligament

Answer 6

Anchors ovaries to uterus

Question 7

Suspensory ligament

Answer 7

Attached ovaries to pelvic wall

Question 8

What type of epithelium is in the ovary

Answer 8

Germinal epithelium

Question 9

Cortex of ovary

Answer 9

CT and ovarian follicles

Question 10

Medulla of ovary

Answer 10

Contains blood vessels ,lymphatic and nerves

Question 11

Where do the right ovarian vein end

Answer 11

IVC

Question 12

Where do the left ovarian left veins end

Answer 12

Left renal vein

Question 13

Where do ovarian arteries direct branches from

Answer 13

Abdominal aorta

Question 14

Where does the lymphatic drainage end

Answer 14

In the later,a aortic lymph nodes

Question 15

Ovarian cancer symptoms

Answer 15

Asymptotic- early stages ,abdominal discomfort ,heartburn ,nausea , loss of appetite, bloating and flatulence

Later stages - enlarged abdomen , abdominal or pelvic pain ,persistent GI disturbances ,urinary complications ,menstrual irregularities, heavy menstrual bleeding

Question 16

What are the parts of the Fallopian tubes in order after ovulation

Answer 16

Fimbria ,infundibulum ,ampulla ,isthmus

Question 17

What are the cells inside the uterine tube

Answer 17

Ciliated Columnar epithelial cells and peg cells (non ciliated )

Question 18

3 parts of the uterus

Answer 18

Fundus
Body
Cervix

Question 19

The three layers of the uterine wall

Answer 19

Outer perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 20

Stratum functionalis function

Answer 20

Lost if the pregnancy does not occur

Question 21

Stratum basalis

Answer 21

Retained during menstruation

Provides stem cells for stratum functionalis

Question 22

What is the normal position of the uterus

Answer 22

Anteverted (cervix bent over vagina ) and ante-flexed (body of uterus bent over cervix )

Question 23

What supports the uterus

Answer 23

Pelvic floor muscles
Transverse cervical ligament
Uterosacral ligaments
Round ligaments of the uterus

Question 24

What is a uterine prolapse

Answer 24

It involves the loss of support by the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments and the pelvic floor muscles ,they can longer counteract typical intra abdominal pressures

Question 25

What are the indications of an episiotomy

Answer 25

Very large fetus Breech presentation Abnormal fetal heart rate Forceps delivery

Question 26

Where do the veins of the uterus drain

Answer 26

They drain to the ovarian and internal iliac veins

Question 27

Where do the arteries of the uterus drain

Answer 27

Internal iliac arteries

Question 28

Hysterectomy can be complete ,partial ,radical or subtotal what stress the indications

Answer 28

``` Uterine fibroids Pelvic inflammatory disease Endometriosis Excessive uterine bleeding Cancer of the cervix ,uterus or ovaries ```

Question 29

What are the symptoms and risk factors of cervical cancer

Answer 29

Symptoms is abnormal vagina bleeding and risk factors is HPV infection Smoking immunosuppression being overweight

Question 30

What are the treatments for cervical cancer

Answer 30

Surgery,Cryotherapy, laser therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy

Question 31

Describe the three layers of the vagina

Answer 31

Mucosa -non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lamina propria -vagina does not contain glands Muscularis -Two layers of smooth muscle – – inner circulation and outer longitudinal Adventitia - Loose connective tissue that anchors vagina to surroundings

Question 32

Clitoris

Answer 32

Sensitive ,erectile organ located where the lips of the labia minora meet

Question 33

How many lobes does the compound tubuloaveolar glands

Answer 33

12-25

Question 34

Fibrocystic change of the breast

Answer 34

30-50 years Not cancer Due to hormonal stimulation of the breast tissue Results in dilated fluid filled acini strong abundance and strong abundance Small cyst and nodules are formed leading to painful and lumpy breast

Question 35

Breast cancer risk factors

Answer 35

Female , advancing age ,positive family history ,increased exposure to endogenous estrogen ,nulliparity ,delayed childbearing ,prolonged use of hormone replacement therapy ,alcohol ,

Question 36

Give the four phases of the female reproductive cycle and the rough day guideline

Answer 36

Menstrual phase ( day 1-5 ) Preovulatory phase (6-13 ) Ovulation (day 14 ) Post ovulatory phase (day 15-28 )

Question 37

GnRH stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH what do these hormones do

Answer 37

They stimulate follicles to secrete estrogen

Question 38

Surge of LH from anterior pituitary gland stimulates

Answer 38

Stimulates the ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

Question 39

Follicular development order

Answer 39

``` Primordial follicle Primary follicle Secondary follicle Mature follicle Ovulated secondary oocyte ```

Question 40

Function of estrogen

Answer 40

Female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics Increases protein anabolism Lowers blood cholesterol Inhibits the release of GnRH ,LH and FSH

Question 41

Progesterone

Answer 41

Secreted by corpus luteum Prepares endometrium for implantation Inhibits secretion of GnRH and LH

Question 42

Relaxin

Answer 42

Produced by corpus luteum Relaxes uterus by inhibiting contraction of myometrium Increases flexibility of pubic symphysis and dilates uterine cervix

Question 43

Inhibin

Answer 43

Secretes by granulosa cells of growing follicles and corpus luteum Inhibits FSH and LH

Question 44

What does the corpus luteum become if the oocyte is not fertilized

Answer 44

Corpus albicans

Question 45

What happens to the corpus luteum if the oocyte is fertilized

Answer 45

The hCG produced by chorion of the embryonic about 8 days after fertilization stimulates corpus luteum