male reproductive

Question 1

What do the testes produce

Answer 1

sperm and testosterone

Question 2

what do the ducts do

Answer 2

transport ,store and assist in maturation of sperm

Question 3

accessory sex organs :

Answer 3

secrete the liquid portion of semen

Question 4

urethra is the passageway for

Answer 4

ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine

Question 5

what temperature does sperm production require

Answer 5

2-3 degrees below body temperature

Question 6

what is the purpose of the scrotum

Answer 6

supports and protects the testis and keeps the temperature of testis below body temperature

Question 7

how does the scrotum maintain the testis temperature

Answer 7

using the dartos muscle which is a subcutaneous layer of smooth muscle which contracts in response to the cold

Question 8

how does the spermatic cord maintain the temperature of testis

Answer 8

skeletal muscle from internal oblique contracts and this moves the testes closer to the body in response to cold temperatures

Question 9

name 4 structures in the testis

Answer 9

Tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
lobules
seminiferous tubules

Question 10

Tunica vaginalis

Answer 10

serous membrane derived from peritoneum during descent of testis

Question 11

tunica albugenia

Answer 11

thick CT capsule

extends inwards to form septa

Question 12

lobules

Answer 12

200-300 compartments

contains 1-4 seminiferous epithelium

Question 13

seminiferous tobules

Answer 13

seminiferous epithelium

produce spermatazoa

Question 14

cryptorchidism

Answer 14

condition when testes do not descend into scrotum ,if not treated can result in infertility

Question 15

sertoli cells

Answer 15

supporting cells and blood testis barrier

Question 16

Spermatogenic cells

Answer 16

replicate and differentiate into mature sperm

Question 17

what do sertoli cells secrete

Answer 17

inhibin (inhits FSH) and androgen binding protein (keeps a high testosterone conc)

Question 18

blood barrier testis (tight junction)

Answer 18

isolates developing gametes from the blood and thus prevents an immune response against spermatogenic cells surface antigens which are recognized as foreign

Question 19

give the order of how the sperm cells mature

Answer 19

sprematogonia 2n
primary spermatocytes 2n,4d 
secondary spermatocytes 1n,2d 
spermatids 1n,1d
spermatozoa 1n,1d

Question 20

leydig cells

Answer 20

secrete testosterone

Question 21

how long does spermatogonia take to develop into sperm

Answer 21

65-75 days

Question 22

testicular cancer signs

Answer 22

early sign of testicular cancer is a mass in the testis often associated with a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache in the abdomen ,of men aged 20-35 years

Question 23

what releases the gonadotropin releasimg hormone

Answer 23

hypothalamus

Question 24

the anterior pituitary secrets the luteinizing hormone what does this hormone do

Answer 24

the hormone stimulates the leydig cells to produce testosterone

Question 25

the anterior pituitary secretes the follicle stimulating hormone what does this hormone do

Answer 25

stimulates the sertoli cells to secrete androgen binding protein

Question 26

androgen binding protein

Answer 26

binds testosterone to keep concentration high

Question 27

negative feedback : high blood level testosterone

Answer 27

hypothalamus - decreased GnRH Anterior piturity -decreased LH Leydig cells - decrease secretion of testpsterone

Question 28

name the three intratesticular ducts

Answer 28

seminiferous tubules straight tubules rete testis

Question 29

excurent dducts

Answer 29

efferent ducts epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory ducts

Question 30

straight tubules

Answer 30

short terminal portion of the seminiferous tubule | only contains sertoli cells changing to simple cuboidal

Question 31

rete testis

Answer 31

network of channels 'simple cuboidal to low columnar

Question 32

efferent ducts epithelium

Answer 32

pseudostratified columnar

Question 33

epididymis epithelium

Answer 33

pseudotratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Question 34

ductus deferens epithelium

Answer 34

pseudotratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Question 35

ejaculatory ducts

Answer 35

union of the duct of seminal vesicle and ampulla of ductus deferens

Question 36

seminal vesicles

Answer 36

secrete an alkaline ,viscous fluid fructose produce about 60 % of volume of semen

Question 37

prostate

Answer 37

secretes citric acid ,proteolytic enzymes ,acid phosphate ,seminalplasmi

Question 38

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 38

Secrete clear mucus like fluid into urethra

Question 39

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 39

Enlarged postage gland (not cancerous ) min men aged 89

Question 40

Problems when someone has BPH

Answer 40

Weak urination Difficulty starting and stopping Urgency or feeling to urinate Frequency

Question 41

Prostrate cancer clinical presentation

Answer 41

``` Poor urinary system Straining with micturition Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying Terminal dribbling Symptoms of distant spread ```

Question 42

Corpus spongiosum

Answer 42

Forms the glans penis | Contains the penile urethra

Question 43

Corpora cavernosa

Answer 43

There’s two of them

Question 44

Semen

Answer 44

Mixture of sperm and seminal fluid

Question 45

When is a man at risk of infertility in tens of sperm count

Answer 45

< 20 million sperm per ml

Question 46

Erection

Answer 46

``` (point ) Enlargement and stiffening of one is Parasympathetic fibers initiate and maintain erection NO released Smooth muscle of arterioles relax Blood vessels dilate Loads of blood enters erectile tissue Veins compressed blocking outflow ```

Question 47

Ejaculation

Answer 47

(Shoot ) Sympathetic reflex Peristaltic contractions propel semen into penile portion of urethra Contraction of smooth muscle Decrease in blood flow and blood pressure Veins open and drain blood

Question 48

Erectile dysfunction

Answer 48

Inability to maintain or attain an erection Most times it’s caused by insufficient NO Other causes ,diabetes mellitus ,syphilis ,systemic disorders ,surgery ,testosterone deficiency,drugs Viagra enhances smooth muscle relaxation by nitric oxide in the penis