Integument System

Question 1

Largest organ in body

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

Where is the thickest epidermis

Answer 2

Palms and soles

Question 3

Thickest dermis

Answer 3

Back

Question 4

Functions of the skin

Answer 4

Protection
Containment
Sensation
Temperature regulations

Question 5

Stratum Corneum of the epidermis (1)

Answer 5

Most superficial 20-30 cells
Makes most of the thickness of epidermis
Cells are dead and flattened and always being replaced

Question 6

Stratum lucidum (2)

Answer 6

Clear layer
Mostly keratinocytes
Only present in thick skin

Question 7

Stratum granulosum(3)

Answer 7

3-5 layers of cells
Cells are starting to die
Waterproofing - lamellated granules
Toughness - keratohyalinegranules form keratin fibrils

Question 8

Stratum spinosum (4)

Answer 8

Gets nourishment from the dermis

More division occurs here

Question 9

Stratum basale (5)

Answer 9

Deepest layer of epidermis
Nourishment - vascular tissue in dermis
Contains stem cells that divide daughter cells and are pushed to the surface

Question 10

Epidermis features

Answer 10

Avascular
Keratinized (keratin toughens skin ,keratinocytes age and produce keratin )
Contains melanocytes (produce dark pigment called melanin )

Question 11

What percent of cells on epidermis are keratinocytes

Answer 11

90

Question 12

How frequently is epidermis replaces

Answer 12

Every month

Question 13

Dermis contains nerve endings for ?

Answer 13

Pain 
Pressure 
Touch 
Temp 
Vibration

Question 14

What are the main structural components of dermis

Answer 14

Collagen
Elastin
Derail papillae

Question 15

Collagen

Answer 15

Responsible for skins strength

Question 16

How are collagen and elastin are laid down and why

Answer 16

Multi directionally , this allows them to respond to stretching and pulling without damage

Question 17

Hypodermics (subcutaneous layer )

Answer 17

Loose CT
Contains adipocytes
Anchors dermis to muscle and bone
Cutaneous nerves ,arteries and veins supplying skin

Question 18

Merocrine ( eccrine ) sweat glands

Answer 18

Connect to surface of skin by coiled duct
Deep in dermis
All most all over the surface of the body especially palms and soles

Question 19

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 19

Anchored deep In the dermis
Open into hair follicles
Location : armpit ,genital area ,nipples of the breast

Question 20

Sebaceous glands

Answer 20

Most open into hair follicles
Can occur on hairless areas ( lips ,inside mouth )
Most numerous on face and scalp (produce sebum which lubricates scalp and hair )
Not found in soles and palms or the top of feet

Question 21

Ceremonious glands

Answer 21

Modified sweat glands

Located in the ear canal

Question 22

Arrector pili muscle

Answer 22

Can pul hair shaft into an upright position

Question 23

Hair color

Answer 23

This is due to melanocytesin produced by the bulb of the hair follicle and then incorporated into the keratinocytes that form the hair

Question 24

Explain these hair colors 
Dark 
Blonde or red 
Gray 
White

Answer 24

Dark - true melanin
Blonde / red - melanin that contains sulfur and iron
Gray - melanocytes age and lose the enzyme that produces melanin
White - air bubbles become incorporated into the growing hair

Question 25

How does hair texture result

Answer 25

From the shale of the hair shaft

Question 26

How does straight hair appear

Answer 26

Appears round in cross section

Question 27

How does wavy hair appear in CS

Answer 27

Oval In shape

Question 28

How does curly hair appear in cross section

Answer 28

Elliptical or kidney shaped

Question 29

How do nails grow

Answer 29

Nails grow as epidermal cells below the nail root and transform into hard nail cells that accumulate at the base of the nail , pushing yhe rest of the nail forward

Question 30

Where do nails come from

Answer 30

Stratum corneum

Question 31

Lunula

Answer 31

Cuticle - white part that occurs because of the underlying epidermis that does not contain blood vessels

Question 32

First degree burn portion (sunburn )

Answer 32

Epidermis

Question 33

Second degree burn layers (blisters )

Answer 33

Epidermis and dermis

Question 34

Third degree burn layers

Answer 34

Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layers

Question 35

How does acne form (4 steps )

Answer 35

1. hair follicle becomes blocked ( keratin contains dead cells ) 2. sebum is prevented from reaching the surface of the skin 3. bacteria that normally live In the hair follicle break down the sebum behind the blockage 4. thus produces chemicals that cause inflammation in the surrounding skin

Question 36

Stretch marks

Answer 36

Occur with rapid size increase Due to damage of collagen fibers in the dermis Fade but never go away