Urinary 1

Question 1

What does the urinary system consist of

Answer 1

Two kidneys
Two ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

Question 2

Kidneys

Answer 2

Paired bean shaped

Located retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall

Question 3

Where is the left kidney located

Answer 3

It is located at the level of the transverse processes of T12-L3

Question 4

What is superiority related to the kidney

Answer 4

Suprarenal glands

Question 5

Relations of kidney : Anteriorly , right

Answer 5

Liver , duodenum ,ascending colon ,hepatic flexure ,jejun

Question 6

Relations of kidney : anteriorly ,left

Answer 6

Spleen , splenic flexure ,stomach ,pancreas ,descending colon and jejunum

Question 7

Kidney relation : posteriorly

Answer 7

12th rib ,diaphragm,psoas major ,quadratus lumborum ,transversus abdominus muscle ,iliohyogastric and ilioinguinal nerves .

Question 8

Functions of kidney

Answer 8

Excretion of metabolic waste from the body
Regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the body
Regulation of the body’s acid base balance
Synthesis of the hormone erythropoietin
Production of active vitamin D

Question 9

Renal hilum

Answer 9

Renal vein
Renal artery
Pelvis of the ureter

Question 10

What are the layers of connective tissue

Answer 10

Renal capsule
Perineal fat
Renal fascia

Question 11

Renal fascia

Answer 11

A layer of connective tissue encapsulating the kidneys and supradrenal glands
Anchors kidney to surrounding structures

Question 12

What does the renal fascia divide the fat surrounding the kidney into

Answer 12

Two layers of fat :
Perirenal fat : located btw the fascia and renal capsule
Pararenal fat : located outside the renal fascia

Question 13

Renal fascia posteriorly :

Answer 13

Fuses with deep fascia surrounding the muscles of the body wall

Question 14

Renal fascia anteriorly

Answer 14

Forms a thick layer that fuses with the peritoneum

Question 15

Nephroptosis (floating kidney )

Answer 15

Weakness in fascia can result in the kidney dropping down into pelvis when in a standing position

Question 16

Perinephric fat

Answer 16

Surrounds kidneys suprarenal glands and is continuous with the fat in the renal sinus

Question 17

Paranephric fat

Answer 17

External to the renal fascia

Question 18

Renal capsule

Answer 18

A tough fibrous capsule surrounding the kidney
Directly covers the renal cortex
The renal capsule protects the kidney from trauma and damage ,also penetrates the renal parenchyma to form trabeculae that lobulate kidneys

Question 19

Path of urine drainage

Answer 19

Collecting duct 
Papillary duct 
Minor clayx 
Renal pelvis 
Ureter 
Urinary bladder

Question 20

Renal medulla

Answer 20

Darker in color striated appearance composed of 8 -16 renal pyramids

Question 21

What perforated the papilla

Answer 21

Ducts of Bellini

Question 22

Renal sinus

Answer 22

Is a cavity within the kidney occupied by the renal pelvis ,calyces ,blood vessels ,nerves and fat

Question 23

Renal pelvis

Answer 23

Is the expanded upper end of the ureter
Lies within the renal sinus
Gives rise to 3-4 major calyxs ( gives rise to minor )

Question 24

Minor calyx

Answer 24

Associated with renal pyramid
Cup shaped and surrounds a renal papilla
Receives urine from the renal papilla for the passage into the ureter and bladder

Question 25

What drains the kidneys

Answer 25

Renal veins

Question 26

Left renal vein

Answer 26

Longer than the right Passes anterior to the aorta Receives the Lt suprarenal vein and Lt gonadal vein

Question 27

Right renal vein

Answer 27

Passes posterior to the second part of the duodenum and head of the pancreas

Question 28

The kidneys are interested by

Answer 28

Renal plexus

Question 29

Nerve supply : renal plexus comprises of :

Answer 29

Sympathetic Parasympathetic Visceral afferent nerve fibers

Question 30

Ureter

Answer 30

A muscular tube extending from renal pelvis to the posterior surface of the urinary bladder Passes anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery before descending into the pelvis

Question 31

What are the 3 constrictions along the ureter

Answer 31

Uretropelvic junction Where it crosses the pelvic brim Where it pierces the bladder wall

Question 32

Urinary bladder

Answer 32

Hollow muscular organ

Question 33

What muscle is the bladder made of

Answer 33

Smooth muscle - detrusor muscle

Question 34

Trigone

Answer 34

Triangular region made of smooth mucus membrane No folds in mucosa Mesodermal in origin

Question 35

Difference between an empty and full bladder

Answer 35

Empty - 4 sided pyramid , resides in pelvis | Full - ovoid ; protrudes anteriorly and superiorly into the abdominal cavity

Question 36

Bladder interior : ureter

Answer 36

Open into inferolateral aspect of bladder

Question 37

Bladder interior ; urethra

Answer 37

Commences as the neck of the bladder as the internal urethral orfice

Question 38

Internal urethral sphincter

Answer 38

Located at the neck of the bladder Detrusor muscle Autonomic innervation

Question 39

Sphincter urethras

Answer 39

Ass. With membranous urethra Skeletal muscle Innervated by pudenal n .

Question 40

Where is the bladder in males

Answer 40

The bladder is anterior to the seminal vesicles and prostate

Question 41

Urethra in females length

Answer 41

3.75 cm

Question 42

Length of urethra in males

Answer 42

20 cm

Question 43

Male urethra is divided into 4 parts

Answer 43

``` Pre prostatic Prostatic (anterior half of prostate ) Membranous (deep perineal pouch ) Spongy Penile ( longest ) (contains openings for bulbourethral glands ) ```