Fetal Environment And Maternal Complications

Question 1

A definitive placenta may not be seen until after:

Answer 1

10-12 weeks

Question 2

Additional, smaller lobes separate from the main segment of placenta

Answer 2

Succenturiate lobe/ accessory lobe

Question 3

• Abnormally shaped placenta, curled up edges.

- may lead to abruption, bleeding

Answer 3

Circumvallate placenta

Question 4

Placenta thickness should not exceed:

Answer 4

4cm

Question 5

Element of placenta closest to the fetus

Answer 5

Chorionic plate

Question 6

Placental grading: uninterrupted chorionic plate and homogeneous

Answer 6

Grade 0

Question 7

Placental grading: subtle indentations on the chorionic plate, small calcifications within placental substance

Answer 7

Grade 1

Question 8

Placental grading: moderate indentations in chorionic plate with “comma-like” calcifications in placental substance

Answer 8

Grade 2

Question 9

Placental grading: prominent indentations in chorionic plate that extend into the basal layer with diffuse echogenic and anechoic areas noted within the placental substance.

Answer 9

Grade 3

Question 10

Placental grading:

Answer 10

Grade 0

Question 11

Placental grading:

Answer 11

Grade 1

Question 12

Placental grading:

Answer 12

Grade 2

Question 13

Placental grading:

Answer 13

Grade 3

Question 14

Placenta covering the internal os of cervix

Answer 14

Placenta previa

Question 15

The placenta should be evaluated for previa after ___ weeks

Answer 15

20 weeks

Question 16

Placenta covers internal os completely

Answer 16

Total/complete previa

Question 17

Placenta partially covers internal os

Answer 17

Partial previa

Question 18

Placenta lies at the edge of the internal os

Answer 18

Marginal previa

Question 19

Placenta edge extends into lower uterine segment and is less than 2 cm from the internal os

Answer 19

Low lying placenta

Question 20

Fetal vessels resting over the internal os

Answer 20

Vasa previa

Question 21

Cord insertion associated with vasa previa:

Answer 21

Velamentous cord insertion

Question 22

Premature separation of placenta from uterine wall

Answer 22

Placental abruption

Question 23

Most severe placental abruption

Answer 23

Complete abruption

Question 24

Type of placental abruption: development of retroplacental hematoma

Answer 24

Complete abruption

Question 25

Type of placental abruption: only a few centimeters of separation

Answer 25

Partial abruption

Question 26

Most common placenta hemorrhage

Answer 26

Subchorionic hemorrhage

Question 27

Type of placental abruption: lies at the edge of the placenta

Answer 27

Marginal abruption/ Subchorionic hemorrhage

Question 28

Abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium

Answer 28

Placenta accreta

Question 29

Invasion of placenta within the myometrium

Answer 29

Placenta increta

Question 30

Penetration of placenta through serosa and possibly into adjacent organs

Answer 30

Placenta percreta

Question 31

Most common placental tumor

Answer 31

Chorioangioma

Question 32

Most common location of chorioangioma

Answer 32

Adjacent to umbilical cord insertion site

Question 33

Most common abnormality of the umbilical cord

Answer 33

2VC/ single umbilical artery

Question 34

Cord insertion: at the edge of placenta

Answer 34

Marginal

Question 35

Marginal cord insertion aka

Answer 35

Battledore

Question 36

Cord insertion: insertion into the membranes beyond the placental edge

Answer 36

Velamentous

Question 37

Umbilical cord encircling the neck is termed

Answer 37

Nuchal cord

Question 38

Umbilical cord forms from fusion of the the ___ and ____

Answer 38

Fuision of the yolk stalk and Vitelline duct/omphalomesenteric duct

Question 39

Gelatinous material covering umbilical cord

Answer 39

Whartons jelly

Question 40

Most common tumor of the umbilical cord

Answer 40

Hemangioma

Question 41

Cystic mass within umbilical cord

Answer 41

Allantoic cyst

Question 42

Allantoic cyst is most commonly located

Answer 42

Close to the fetal abdomen

Question 43

Umbilical cord hemangiomas are most often located

Answer 43

Close to cord insertion to placenta

Question 44

Maximum vertical pocket should measure atleast:

Answer 44

2cm

Question 45

Most common congenital infection

Answer 45

Cytomegalovirus

Question 46

Most common cause of intellectual disability in the United States

Answer 46

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome(FAS)

Question 47

IUGR is defined as estimated fetal weight below the ___ percentile

Answer 47

Below the 10th percentile

Question 48

Obese fetus is defined as having an EFW of ___ percentile

Answer 48

Over the 90th percentile

Question 49

Sonographic findings of cervical incompetence:

Answer 49

- Cervical length <3cm | - funneling if cervix (V or U shaped)

Question 50

Hydrops aka

Answer 50

Anasarca

Question 51

Accumulation of fluid in atleast two body cavities

Answer 51

Hydrops

Question 52

Prevention of RH isoimmunization:

Answer 52

RhoGAM

Question 53

Maternal Rh sensitization, her first pregnancy will develop:

Answer 53

Normally, the second pregnancy will be the one that is attacked by her antibidies

Question 54

Pregnancy induced hypertension and proteinuria

Answer 54

Preeclampsia

Question 55

Postpartum uterus returns to its nongravid size ____ weeks after delivery

Answer 55

6-8 weeks after delivery

Question 56

#1 cause of painless bleeding in 3rd trimester

Answer 56

Placenta previa

Question 57

Hydrops caused by rh incompatibility

Answer 57

Immune hydrops

Question 58

Fetal hydrops caused by congenital anomalies and infections

Answer 58

Nonimmune hydrops

Question 59

Most common pathological cause of painful bleeding in 3rd trimester

Answer 59

Placental abruption

Question 60

Lab values of chorioangioma

Answer 60

Increased MSAFP