Fetal Head And Brain Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Premature fusion of the sutures is called
A
Craniosynostosis
2
Q
Prosencephalon develops into the
A
Forebrain
3
Q
Mesencephalon develops into the
A
Midbrain
4
Q
Rhombencephalon develops into the
A
Hindbrain
5
Q
Spinal cord travels through
A
Foramen magnum
6
Q
Largest part of the brain
A
Cerebrum
7
Q
This structure connects the cerebral hemispheres
A
Corpus callosum
8
Q
Protective tissue surrounding the brain
A
Meninges
9
Q
How many layers of the meninges are there?
A
3
10
Q
Inner layer of meninges
A
Pia mater
11
Q
Middle layer of meninges
A
Arachnoid membrane
12
Q
Outer layer of meninges
A
Dura mater
13
Q
Corpus callosum should be complete by
A
18-20 weeks
14
Q
Absense of the CSP is associated with
A
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
15
Q
CSP does or doesn’t communicate with the ventricular system
A
Doesn’t
16
Q
The 3rd and 4th ventricle are connected by the
A
Aqueduct of Sylvius or cerebral aqueduct
17
Q
CSF moves from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle via the
A
Foramina of Monro
18
Q
Anechoic, fluid filled space posterior to the cerebellum and cerebellar vermis
A
Cisterna magna
19
Q
The normal cerebellum is ____ shaped
A
Dumbbell or figure 8
20
Q
BPD is taken at the level of what structures
A
CSP, falx cerebri, thalamus, 3rd ventricle
21
Q
BPD calipers are placed
A
Outer edge to inner
22
Q
Dolichocephaly aka
A
Scaphocephaly
23
Q
Tool to indicate shape of fetal head
A
Cephalic index
24
Q
Dolichocephaly is when a cephalic index is:
A
Less than 75
25
Brachiocephalic head is when a cephalic index is:
Greater than 85
26
What head shape is this
Dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly
27
What head shape is this
Bracycephaly
28
Normal head shape is termed
Mesocephalic
29
Lateral ventricle measurement is taken at the level of the
Atrium
30
Lemon shaped head is associated with what anomaly
Chiari 2 malformation
31
Strawberry shaped head is associated with what anomaly
Trisomy 18
32
Cloverleaf shaped head is associated with what anomaly
Thanatophoric dysplasia
33
Microcephaly is associated with what anomalies
TORCH infections
Trisomy 13 & 18
Meckel-Gruber syndrome
34
Macrocephaly is associated with what anomalies
Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome
35
Brachycephaly is associated with what anomaly
Trisomy 21
36
Dolichocephaly is associated with what anomaly
Craniosynostosis
37
Cerebellum grows at what rate between 14-21 weeks
1 mm per week
38
Cisterna magna should measure less than
<10mm
39
Large Cisterna magna measurement is associated with
- Dandy-Walker
| - mega Cisterna magna
40
Cisterna magna should measure more than
More than 2mm
41
Cisterna magna measuring small is associated with
Chiari 2 malformation
42
Most common cranial abnormality
Ventriculomegaly
43
Sonographic sign of ventriculomegaly
Dangling choroid sign
44
Obstruction lies outside the ventricular system
Communicating hydrocephalus
45
Obstruction is within ventricular system
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
46
Most common cause of hydrocephalus in utero
Aqueductal stenosis
47
Aqueductal stenosis will dialate:
Everything above the 4th ventricle
48
Two main parts of the brain
Cerebrum and cerebellum
49
Fatal condition in which the entire cerebrum is replaced by a large sac containing CSF
Hydranencephaly
50
Cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis as said to be related to what abnormality
Hydranencephaly
51
3 main types of holoprosencephaly
- Alobar
- Semilobar
- Lobar
52
Cerebral mantle/cortex shaped like a pancake, cup/horseshoe, ball
Alobar holoprosencephaly
53
Most severe holoprosencephaly
Alobar
54
Alobar holoprosencephaly
55
Horseshoe shaped monoventricle
Alobar holoprosencephaly
56
50-70% of holoprosencephaly patients have
Trisomy 13 or Patau
57
Posterior fossa abnormalities that involve cystic dilatation of the Cisterna magna and 4th ventricle
Dandy Walker
58
This is an example of
Dandy walker(splayed cerebellum)
59
Corpus callosum will be complete by
Week 18
60
Sulci have “spoke wheel” or radial pattern is a result of
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
61
Radial/spoke wheel pattern of sulci is called the _____ sign
Sunburst sign
62
Sunburst sign is the sonographic sign for
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
63
What sign is this? What abnormality causes this?
Sunburst sign— Agenesis of the corpus callosum
64
Development of fluid filled clefts within cerebrum
Schizencephaly
65
Cysts that communicate with the ventricular system
Porencephaly
66
Porencephaly is most often ___lateral
Unilateral
67
“Smooth brain”, no sulci or gyri
Lissencephaly
68
Choroid plexus cyst is associated with trisomy __
Trisomy 18
69
Most common neural tube defects:
Anencephaly and spina bifida
70
Supplement that helps reduce likelihood of neural tube defects
Folic acid(folate)
71
Condition that is associated with an absent or hypoplastic cerebellar vermis
Dandy walker
72
Type of acrania where there is a normal amount of cerebral tissue
Exencephaly
73
Type of acrania where there are no cerebral hemispheres
Anencephaly
74
Group of cranial abnormalities associated with spina bifida
Chiari 2
75
Most common location of spina bifida
Distal lumbosacral region
76
What is the banana sign
Cerebellum is shaped like a banana
77
Banana sign is associated with what
Spina bifida/ Chiari 2
78
Mass that protrudes containing spinal cord and meninges
Myelomeningocele
79
Hernition of meninges
Meningocele
80
Herniation of meninges and spinal cord
Myelomeningocele
81
What sign is this? What is it associated with?
Banana sign, spinach bifida/Chiari 2
82
Protrusions of intracranial contents through a defect in the skull
Cephalocele
83
The most common location of a cephalocele
Occipital region
84
Type of cephalocele that contains meninges only
Meningocele
85
Type of cephalocele that contains brain tissue only
Encephalocele
86
Type of cephalocele that contains meninges and brain tissue
Encephalomeningocele
87
Type of cephalocele that contains meninges, brain tissue, and lateral ventricle
Encephalomeningocystocele
88
Most common intracranial tumor found in utero
Teratoma
89
TORCH stands for
```
Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
```
90
Most common in utero infection
Cytomegalovirus
91
Most common risk factor for fetal intrauterine intracranial hemorrhage
Maternal platelet disorder
92
Normal MCA/umbilical artery resistive index is
Above 1
93
Vein of Galen aneurysm is associated with
Hydrops and cardiomegaly
94
What is this
Vein of Galen malformation
95
- microcephaly
- occipital encephalocele
- polydactyly
- polycystic kidneys
Meckel-Gruber
