Fetal Genitourinary System

Question 1

Fetal kidneys are developed and ascend into their normal position by week __

Answer 1

Week 9

Question 2

Most common renal anomaly

Answer 2

Duplex collecting system

Question 3

Urachus is located

Answer 3

Between the apex of the bladder and the umbilicus

Question 4

Fetal urinary bladder normally fills and empties once every ___

Answer 4

30-45 minutes

Question 5

The kidneys can be seen sonographically by ____

Answer 5

11 weeks transvaginally

12 weeks transabdominal

Question 6

VACTERL stands for:

Answer 6

Vertebral
Anal atresia
Cardiac
TraceoEsophageal atresia
Renal
Limb

Question 7

VACTERL aka

Answer 7

VATER or VACTEL

Question 8

How many abnormalities listed in VACTERL need to be present for patients to have this association

Answer 8

3 of the abnormalities must be present

Question 9

Most frequent cause of oligohydramnios

Answer 9

Renal abnormalities

Question 10

The most worrisome consequence of oligohydramnios is:

Answer 10

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 11

Sign associated with renal agenesis:

Answer 11

“Lying down” adrenal sign

Question 12

What are the arrowheads pointing to?

Answer 12

Adrenal gland in a flattened, parallel position

Question 13

What sign is this? What is it associated with?

Answer 13

“Lying down” adrenal sign. Associated with renal agenesis

Question 14

Most likely cause of bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys in utero

Answer 14

ARPKD

Question 15

Fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyl, polycystic kidneys

Answer 15

Meckel-Gruber syndrome

Question 16

Sonographic difference between ARPKD and ADPKD

Answer 16

With ADPKD a normal AFI volume is present and urinary bladder is visible

Question 17

MCDK is caused by

Answer 17

An early renal obstruction

Question 18

• Small, echogenic kidneys with peripheral cysts,
• thick walled bladder
• oligohydramnios

Answer 18

Obstructive Cystic Dysplasia

Question 19

Most common fetal abnormality noted during obstetric exam

Answer 19

Hydronephrosis

Question 20

Enlargement of the bladder

Answer 20

Megacystis

Question 21

Measurement of the renal pelvis is made in what plane?

Answer 21

Anterior posterior plane

Question 22

Before 20 weeks, renal pelvis should not exceed ____

Answer 22

7mm

Question 23

After 20 weeks, renal pelvis should not measure more than ___

Answer 23

10 mm

Question 24

3 most common areas of obstruction

Answer 24

UPJ
Urethra
UVJ

Question 25

Most common cause of hydronephrosis in neonate and most common form of fetal renal obstruction

Answer 25

UPJ

Question 26

UPJ is more often in ____(male or female)

Answer 26

Male

Question 27

Fetal pyelectasis can be a marker for what chromosomal anomaly

Answer 27

Trisomy 21

Question 28

Sonographic sign for posterior urethral valves(PUV)

Answer 28

Keyhole sign

Question 29

Triad of absent abdominal musculature, undescended testis, and urinary tract abnormalities describes

Answer 29

Prune Belly syndrome

Question 30

Sonographic sign of prune belly syndrome

Answer 30

Keyhole sign

Question 31

What sign is this? What abnormalities is it associated with?

Answer 31

Keyhole sign. Associated with PUV and prune belly syndrome

Question 32

Least common cause of hydronephrosis in the fetus

Answer 32

UVJ

Question 33

Bladder located outside the pelvis

Answer 33

Bladder extrophy

Question 34

Most common solid fetal renal mass

Answer 34

Mesoblastic nephroma

Question 35

Sonographic finding of bladder extrophy

Answer 35

Lower abdominal wall mass inferior to umbilicus, absent bladder, normal kidneys

Question 36

The sex of the embryo depends on the:

Answer 36

Sperm

Question 37

Ovum always contributes a ___ chromosome

Answer 37

X

Question 38

Most common malignant abdominal mass in neonates

Answer 38

Neuroblastoma

Question 39

Most common fetal genitalia abnormality in the female is

Answer 39

Clitoromegaly

Question 40

Abnormal ventral curve of the penis resulting from a shortened urethra

Answer 40

Hypospadias

Question 41

No visible bladder seen, combined with this finding suggests

Answer 41

Bladder extrophy

Question 42

Most common urethral obstruction in females

Answer 42

Cloacal malformation

Question 43

Most common bladder outlet obstruction in males

Answer 43

Posterior urethral valves(PUV)

Question 44

Prune belly syndrome aka

Answer 44

Eagle-Barrett syndrome

Question 45

Most common cause of fetal bladder rupture

Answer 45

PUV