Fieldwork Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the 2 types of data you can use in your investigations
Primary and secondary
Primary sampling techniques
-random sampling
-systematic sampling
-stratified sampling
What is random sampling
Where samples are chosen at random
What is systematic sampling
Where samples are chosen at regular intervals
What is stratified sampling
Where you choose samples from different groups to get a good overall representation
What is quantitative data
-numerical data
-things you can measure
What is qualitative data
-information that can’t be measures
-eg peoples views
Secondary data sources
-f… risk maps: for investigating p… environments (r… landscapes)
-c… data: for investigating h… environments(u… areas)
-flood risk maps: for investigating physical environments (river landscapes)
-census data: for investigating human environments(urban areas)
Pros and cons of radial graphs
Pros:
-v… impact
-enables quick c… between sets of d…
-o… are very n…
-can use different s… of m…
Cons:
-can be c… and hard to i…
-hard to d… and build
-only works with certain t… of d…
Pros:
-visual impact
-enables quick comparison between sets of data
-outliers are very noticeable
-can use different scales of measurement
Cons:
-can be confusing and hard to interpret
-hard to draw and build
-only works with certain types of data
Pros and cons of bar charts
Pros:
-easy to c…
-enables quick c…
-many different t… of bar c… which can cover a wide r… of d…
-s… a large set of d…
Cons:
-require additional e…
-may become c… and hard to r… when there are a lot of b…
-limited to 2 v…
Pros:
-easy to construct
-enables quick comparison
-many different types of bar charts which can cover a wide range of data
-summarise a large set of data
Cons:
-require additional explanation
-may become cluttered and hard to read when there are a lot of bars
-limited to 2 variables
Pros and cons of proportional circles
Pros:
-can show clear p…
-v… enable quick c…
-can r… a lot of v…
Cons:
-t… to make
-takes a long t…
-if circles o… it can become c… and hard to r…
Pros:
-can show clear patterns
-visually enable quick conclusions
-can represent a lot of variables
Cons:
-tricky to make
-takes a long time
-if circles overlap it can become cluttered and hard to read
Pros and cons of random sampling
Pros:
-e… to do
-u…, as everything has an e… chance of s…
-should be r…
Cons:
-can lead to poor r…
—>c… being less v…
-may be practical c…, eg closed o… areas
Pros:
-easy to do
-unbiased, as everything has an equal chance of selection
-should be representative
Cons:
-can lead to poor representation
—>conclusions being less valid
-may be practical constraints, eg closed off areas
Pros and cons of systematic sampling
Pros:
-e… to set up
-ensures even c…
-not b…
Cons:
-can leave g…
-data may not be fully r…
-can be a… if there are practical c… like blocked off a…
Pros:
-easy to set up
-ensures even coverage
-not biased
Cons:
-can leave gaps
-data may not be fully representative
-can be affected if there are practical constraints like blocked off areas
Pros and cons of stratified sampling
Pros:
-accurately reflects population
-accounts for minorities
-better representation
Cons:
-time consuming
-every member of thing must be accounted form
-so things can’t be put into one group, as they overlap
