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HSTR 391 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

operation bagration june 20 1944

A

soviet offensive against german forces
intention was to attack the germans from the west with the normandy landings and the east with the russian offensive

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2
Q

what was the situation surrounding the battle of kursk

A

soviets had advanced into German occupied territory in Eastern Europe and created a salient
Germans planned to attack the salient from the north and the south
the attack failed

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3
Q

why is the battle of kursk important

A

largest tank battle in history
marked the end of german offensive capabilities on the eastern front and cleared the way for soviet offenses in 1944

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4
Q

COSSAC

A

cheif of staff to the supreme allied commander tasked with a cross channel invasion into German occupied europe
frederick morgan

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5
Q

operation overlord

A

joint cross channel amphibious invasion of normandy launched by american british and canadian troops

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6
Q

why was operation overlord important

A

it marked the beginning of allied recapture of europe

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7
Q

what were the mulberries

A

artificial harbors built by the allies on the beaches of normandy after d day

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8
Q

what was the purpose of the mulberries

A

to offload massive amounts of supplies for the allied invasion of nazi occupied germany

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9
Q

festung europa

A

fortress europe
hitler had reinforced France in preparation of the upcoming allied landing

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10
Q

when was operation overlord

A

june 6 1944

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11
Q

operation dragoon

A

second allied invasion of france in august of 1944 in cooperation with the French expeditionary forces to invade southern france

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12
Q

why was caen a key stratigic point for the allies (2 points)

A

it was a communications and transportation hub
the allies also wanted to use it as a base for aircraft

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13
Q

what occurred at Hamburg

A

Allied firebombing created a firestorm that killed nearly 30,000 civilians

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14
Q

why was Hamburg targeted

A

it was Germany’s second largest city and the producer of Uboats and warships and home to multiple oil refineries

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15
Q

Dresden

A

fire storm that sucked in people from 2 miles away

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16
Q

what was the purpose for attacking dresden and what is the source of the controversy

A

porcelain center
soviet pressure to slow down german supplies heading east
considered to be rather unecessary

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17
Q

what was the practice of window and why did the allies do it

A

the allies dropped tons of tinfoil strips from their bombers to confuse german radar

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18
Q

who was arthur bomber harris and what did he do

A

RAF bomber commander
orchestrated the major bombing campains against germany after d day
strong proponent of carpet bombing

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19
Q

whats the difference between carpet bombing and precision bombing

A

carpet bombing destroys everything and everyone in a city
precision bombing is focused on a stratic point

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20
Q

what occured at the second schweinfurt raid

A

americans launched a bombing raid against german ball bearing factories in Schweinfurt Germany but the accompanying fighters could only fly half the journey with them
German Ju-88s forced american bombers to break formation
the americans experienced high bomber losses to basically no german losses

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21
Q

what was the lesson of the schweinfurt raid

A

allied attacks into germany needed to be accompanied by fighter support

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22
Q

what were the german v-1 2 and 3

A

early cruise missiles
jet propelled bombs

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23
Q

what was the norden bomb site and why is it important

A

it was how bombers aimed their bombs
helped the allied bombers hit their targets

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24
Q

what were vergeltung waffen

A

revenge weapons used after the allied assault on Europe against civilian populations
the V1 V2 and V3 were steadily larged land based rockets launched against british civilian populations

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25
what was the goal of the vergeltung waffen
to hurt british morale and inflict revenge for the acts against German civilians
26
what role did the bocage country of France play in the war
allied advances in Normandy were slowed by thick hedge rows and wooded areas the hedges acted as natural barriers and aided German defense of occupied territory for weeks after D-Day
27
what was significant about the city of marseilles
It was a major French port city in the south of france
28
what was Cherbourg
a major French port city
29
why was Cherbourg a necessary target
the mulbery ports simply could not keep up with ability of a modern established port and the allies needed a constant flow of supplies
30
why was the capture of Cherbourg difficult
the germans had dug into an established fort on high ground
31
when was the liberation of paris
august 25 1944
32
what was the wolfs lair plot of july 20
a german assassination attempt against adolf hitler
33
who was Klaus von Stauffenburg
chief conspirator in the wolfs lair plot of july 20 1944 delivered the bomb to the conference room himself
34
falaise pocket and gap
allies encircled a very large portion of the german troops and captured or killed a very large number of germans it paved the way for the liberation of paris
35
who was general omar bradley
general of american troops during operation cobra and at falasie pocket
36
what was operation cobra
after the beachhead was established at normandy, operation cobra was the plan to reach out and attack more of france
37
what was the plan of operation market garden
to use airborne brigades and infantry backup to seize 8 bridges on the holland german border at the rhine river after the attack allied forces would be in place to attack the german ruhr and then drive to berlin
38
what occurred at arnhem and what was the associated operation
german forces repelled allied attack and operation market garden failed
39
what was field marshal bernard montgomerys single thrust strategy
instead of a wide invasion of germany montgomery favored a single thrust strategy in the form of operation market garden
40
explain the battle of the bulge
hitlers last great gamble and the last big german offensive of the war it was a german surprise attack coming from the ardennes forest
41
during the battle of the bulge, what occured at bastogne
the 101st airborne held the city throughout the german offensive
42
during the battle of the bulge, what occured at bastogne
the 101st airborne held the city throughout the german offensive and protected key supplies such as gasoline
43
what caused the failure of the german battle of the bulge
gasoline shortages allied air supremacy
44
bridge at remagen
germany had attempted to blow every bridge but the bridge at remagen was still operational and the allies were able to cross the bridge into germany
45
antwerp was the destination of what operation
battle of the bulge
46
fuhrerbunker
where hitler committed suicide
47
what were the repective paths of Douglas MacArthur and general nimitz
MacAruthur would work in the south pacific in new guinea and the philippines nimitz would work in the central pacific
48
what was significant about rabul and where was it located
it was a major air and naval base with natural barriers to protect itself in new guinea
49
rabul new guinea was considered the what of the pacific
gibraltar
50
what was significant about port morseby and where was it located
port morseby was located on the southern side of papua new guinea and would have been the launching point for a japanese invasion of Australia but the Austrailians repelled the attack
51
what was the goal of operation cartwheel
take islands and establish airstrips around rabul to cut off supplies and launch attacks agaisnt rabul
52
what was significant about the battle of the Philippine sea
largest carrier battle in history eliminated the japanese ability to conduct large scale aieral naval warfare for the rest of ww2
53
what was the great marianas turkey shoot and what battle is it associated with
the battle of the philipine sea US pilots obliterated 100s of aircraft to very low comparative american losses
54
why was the battle of the philippine seas such an overwhelming american victory
american pilots had much more experience the US Hellcat was a far superior fighter to the japanese zero
55
what was significant about the battle of leyte gulf
it was the official entrance of the US into the Philippines largest sea battle in history first time large scale kamakazi attacks were used
56
battle for manila
marked the official US control of the Philippines site of largest urban warfare of the pacific theatre
57
outside of the mark of control of the philipines, what is important about the battle for manila in the philippines
Americans freed pows trapped in manila japanese murdered civilians americans treated filipinos that helped the japanese very badly
58
what was the burma road and why was it built
it was the supply route from Burma into China it was built because flying supplies over the Himalayan hump was largely unsatisfactory
59
why were the mariana islands important targets
the islands of tinian guam and siapan were large enough to launch b-29 bombers from to attack mainland japan
60
why were US submaries so effective
the japanese never employed a convoy system
61
what was the effect of US submarines
they cut off 95% of japanese shipping by the end of the war
62
what was significant about Iwo Jima
the Japanese would fight to the death and would employ suicidal charges before surrender
63
what was significant about Iwo Jima
the Japanese would fight to the death and would employ suicidal charges before surrender it was also important as a fall back base for bombers returning from mainland japan
64
what was the trigger for the use of the atomic bomb
okinawa
65
why was okinawa the trigger for the use of the atomic bomb
okinawa was the sight of mass suicide charges it was clear the US would lose up to 1 million men in an invasion of mainland japan
66
what was decided at the tehran conference
stalin calls for the opening of a second front
67
what was decided at the yalta conference
the nature of post war europe
68
what was decided at the potsdam conference
the us would call for an unconditional surrender of japan
69
what were the four categories of crimes at the nuremberg trials
The crimes charged before the Nuremberg courts were crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and conspiracy to commit any of the foregoing crimes.
70
what was the role of deception in the landings at normandy
the germans thought that the attacks would occur later and in different locations
71
what was operation body guard
the plan for deception around the allied landings at normandy
72
where did the nazis think the allied landings would occur
calais france, southern france and norway
73
why were the landings at omaha beach so difficult
allied bombardment had largely missed the 101st airborne had missed hitler had fortified all of europe into a fortress
74
why were the landings at the other beaches relatively easier compared to omaha beach
less troop presence more effective artillery less of geographic advantage for german troops

HSTR 391 (1 decks)

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