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Psychology 120 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Things we do to change our consciousness (5 things)

A

Transcendent experiences

Meditation

Hypnosis

Sensory deprivation

Drugs

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2
Q

How do transcendent experiences happen

A

Intentionally pursued (prayer, commune with nature, music, athletics, or drugs)

OR

Sometimes they just happen (near death experiences)

OR

falling in love

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3
Q

What is a transcendent experience

A

Dissociation of the THE SELF sometimes for religious or ecstatic reasons

Transcending ourselves-realizing were part of something bigger

Moments when you lose your sense of self and connect with something bigger

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4
Q

Transcentadilism

A

A philosophical school largely based on the idea nature is sacred and holds they key to understanding human life

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5
Q

Overview effect

A

Earth induced transcendent experience.

The sense of enhanced purpose and meaning experienced by astronauts who see the earth from above

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6
Q

What is a green experience

A

Brief moments of transcendence through drugs, ecstasy, or sudden revelations that flare out like fireworks

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7
Q

What is a mature experience

A

More prolonged period of peace and unity

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8
Q

Mature vs green experience

A

Transcendent experiences where mature is more long term and green is short term (green means new/fresh)

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9
Q

Duncan blewett

A

Did some of the first studies on LSD working at Saskatchewan hospital in Weyburn

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10
Q

Who coined the word psychedelic

A

Humphrey osmond

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11
Q

What did they do research on in Saskatchewan

A

Studied treating patients with LSD. Treating ppl with a single dose of a psychedelic was seen as an attractive cheap approach

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12
Q

Who was involved in the research in Saskatchewan

A

Duncan blewett

Humphrey osmond

Abram Hoffman

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13
Q

Marsh chapel experiment

A

Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert

Wanted to see if magic mushrooms (psilocybin) helped generate feelings of transcendence

Students at a divinity school divided into 2 groups

1 took shrooms 1 didn’t

10 years later all the group that took them became priests or pastors and not 1 of the regular group did

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14
Q

Csikzentmihalyi

A

Flow or zen

Flow is being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. Time flies. Like playing jazz

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15
Q

Raymond moody

A

Reignited the discussion about near death experiences

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16
Q

Near death experience in terms of transcendence

A

Once u experience it u become more compassionate and selfless

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17
Q

Hypnosis def

A

Mental state characterized by reduced peripheral awareness, heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus

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18
Q

6th level of Maslow hierarchy of needs

A

Self transcendence is on top of the pyramid

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19
Q

Dark side of trying to have a transcendent experience

A

They can also lead us to addiction and pain

Psychoactive drugs used recreationally

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20
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Reduced reaction to a drug following repeated use

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21
Q

Physical dependence

A

When the body requires a specific dose of a particular drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms

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22
Q

Addiction def

A

Refers to loss of control over intense urges to take the drug even with bad consequences

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23
Q

Safety ratios

A

Dose likely to be fatal divided by the normal dose needed to feel drugs effects

Alcohol and heroin-5and 6
Weed- 1000

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24
Q

Stimulant

A

Psychoactive drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonins in the synapses of the CNS.

They make the neurotransmitters stay active in the brain so the result is increase of the sympathetic part in the ANS

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25
What accounts for the largest proportion of recreational drugs deaths
Simulants
26
Caffeine
Affects epinephrine and dopamine availability but one of its largest effects is adenosine Adenosine tell our brains we are tired Caffeine is an adenosine antagonist. Blocks the signal that we are tired
27
#1 recreational drug use killer
Smoking
28
Nicotine
Agonist for serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate
29
Cocaine
Makes dopamine more available
30
Amphétamines
Stimulant that increases wakefulness and focus along with decreased fatigue and appetite Meth-injection
31
Why is meth more popular than coke
More addictive, lasts longer, 3 times more dopamine as cocaine
32
Ecstasy/ MDMA
Stimulant, Prevent reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. So effective it can seriously deplete the amount of neurotransmitters available in the brain. Producing a mental and physical crash resulting in depression
33
Depressants
Slow us down Psychoactive drug that reduces activity of the CNS PAINKILLERS/ lower heart rate/ lower respiration/ anticonvulsants Increase production of GABA and decrease production of acetylcholine Reduce transmissions from the lower brain to the cortex
34
Alcohol
In low doses- remove social inhibitions by slowing activity in the sympathetic nervous system Higher doses- acts in the cerebellum to interfere with coordination and balance Safety ratio is 10
35
Barbiturates
Depressants commonly prescribed as sleeping pills and pain killers Too much cause come or death
36
Opioids
Chemicals that increase activity in opioid receptor neurons Similar to endorphins- natural pain reducers
37
Opium and its derivatives
Morphine codéine and heroin Codeine is weaker
38
Synthetic opioids
OxyContin and fentanyl
39
What do opioids affect
Increase endorphins and dopamine and reduce norepinephrine
40
How Delivery method effects addictiveness
The faster the delivery system the more addictive Orally is slowest, then smoking, then injecting.
41
Main purpose of meditation
Detachment from ur own thoughts and desires. Acceptance of ur own experience and situation
42
Alcohol safety ratio
10
43
Safety ratio of heroin
6
44
Marijuana safety ratio
1000
45
Least risky recreational drug
Cannabis
46
How many ppl did smoking kill in 2017
45000
47
Alcohol induced deaths in 2021 Canada
3875
48
Opioid deaths in 2021
6273
49
Sleep deprivation
Increase chance of depression, illness, and anxiety Without sleep u can’t form or maintain pathways in your brain
50
Think of Physiology of sleep in 2 ways
How active we have been And How cunducive our environment is to sleep
51
Adenosine and depletion of atp
Adenosine is created by breaking down ATP (atp is energy)
52
Adenosine and non-REM sleep
Increased adenosine levels trigger non-REM sleep
53
NON-REM Sleep
Brain is less active- recovery phase- builds ATP
54
Light and melotonin effect in sleep
When dark, ganglion cells send message to pineal gland to secrete melatonin
55
Melotonin
Calms and quiets you Reduce stress hormone-cortisol, decreases energy storage, and slows our breathing
56
stages of sleep- awake
Beta waves
57
Beta waves
High frequency low intensity Most inconsistent- reflecting on wide variation of sensory input u experience during the day
58
Feeling relaxed waves
Alpha waves- Less frequent, more consistent and more intense
59
Stages of sleeping
3 non rem stages and REM sleep NREM1 NREM2 NREM3 REM SLEEP
60
NREM 1
Falling asleep marked by theta waves
61
NREM2
Light sleep 55% of all sleep Occasional sleep spindles (very high intensity brain waves)(thought to be processing of memories)
62
NREM3
Deep sleep 20-25% of all sleep Greater muscle relaxation and appearance of delta waves
63
REM SLEEP
Marked by Rapid Eye Movement Similar to being awake in terms of brain activity Associated with dreaming
64
Time in REM sleep
Go through several cycles of REM and non-REM sleep each night. The length of REM gets longer throughout the night 5-10 early, 15-20 shortly before u wake up
65
Insomnia
6/10 Canadians have insomnia
66
Causes of not being able to sleep
Worry, physical pain, change in sleep habits
67
Sleep hygiene
1- regular bedtime 2- exercise (not 3 hrs before bed) 3-less or no caffeine 4- no alcohol or nicotine 5-keep bed for sleep and sex 6-don’t eat and drink too close to bed 7-no screen time before bed 8-create a sleep promoting environment (dark cool) 9- avoid disturbing noises 10-avoid naps
68
Sleep apnea
Tongue blocks airway for at least 10 seconds
69
Narcolepsy
When u pass out during the day 1/2000 have narcolepsy
70
Cartaplexy
Loses muscle tone resulting in partial or complete collapse
71
Cause if narcolepsy
Lack of deep sleep. Ppl with narcolepsy go straight to REM THEN wake up numerous times in the night. Preventing them from getting a good sleep
72
Night terrors
Experienced in childhood. In N3 (dreams are in REM)
73
How much sleep for Newborns, preschoolers, school-aged, teens, adults
N-16-18 P-10-12 S-9+ T-9+ A-7-8
74
Selective attention
Ability to focus on certain things and ignore other shit
75
4 models of selective attention
Broadbents filter model Tries and attenuated model Late selection model Multimode model
76
Broadbents filter model- dichotic listening task
When u hear 2 things and only focus on 1 u don’t retain info about the other
77
Treisman attenuated model
We lessen our attention on those things we’re trying to avoid not block it out completely
78
Late selection model
All info processed, only pertinent info enters consciousness
79
Multi mode model
Stage which selection occurs changes by task
80
Innatentional blindness
Not Recognizing objects we did look at cus we were preoccupied
81
Low awareness and high awareness cost vs benefits
Low- cost(influenced by subtle factors) benefits(low mental effort) High- cost (use mental effort) benefit (overcome some biases)
82
Priming
When ur exposure to something already has a certain prompt without awareness
83
Unconcious
We make the decision to push the button before pushing it
84
Conscious mind still has….
Veto power over unconcious 200 milliseconds between concious awareness and action we can stop it
85
Unconcious and attitude formation
Ppl like things they see more, even if they don’t know they see it more (billboard u drive by every day)
86
Unconscious and creativity
1- consciously attending to a problem 2- incubation (unconscious thought) 3-conscious evaluation (evaluate thought from 2) 4-vérification
87
What happens when ur told ur gonna be asked questions later
Solving anagrams example If u know you’ll pay attention to the next part “What color was the water bottle”

Psychology 120 (8 decks)

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