Final Flashcards
(47 cards)
Habitual in the present
si + present indicative + present indicative
Si tiene tiempo, va a las montañas-If he has time, he goes to the mountains
sounds like present indicative
Possible in the present
si+present indicative + future
Si tiene tiempo, irá a las montañas-If he has time, will go to the mountains.
sounds like future
Contrary-to-Fact
si + PAST subjunctive + conditional
Si tuviera tiempo, iría a las montañas-If he had time, he would go to the mountains.
sounds like conditional
Habitual/Possible in the past
si + imperfect indicative + imperfect indicative
Si tenía tiempo, iba a las montañas.-When he had time, he used to go to the mountains.
sounds like imperfect indicative
Si llueve, no trabajamos
If it rains, we don’t work.
Si tengo tiempo, yo lo haré
If I have time, I will do it.
Si estudias, serás inteligente
If you study, you will be smart.
Irregular Conditional and Furture stems
decir (to say/tell):
dir-
Conditional
Whole infinitive + a conditional ending, excpet for the 10 irregular verbs.
- ía
- ías
- ía
- íamos
- íais
- ían
Future
Whole infinitive + a future ending, excpet for the 10 irregular verbs
- é
- ás
- á
- emos
- éis
- án
Past Subjunctive
Take the UDS form of the preterite, drop the “ON”, add appropriate ending.
NOTE: the last vowel in the newly formed stem is accented in the nosotros form. NO ACCENTS on the other forms.
- a
- as
- a
- amos
- ais
- an
Things that trigger subjunctive
Influence Doubt Denial Emotion "Si" clause if combined with a conditional clause
Negative Tú Commands
No + YO verb form, replace “a” with “e” and replace “e” or “i” with “a”
-AR Verbs
No hables-Don’t speak
No cantes-Don’t sing
No juegues-Don’t play
-ER/IR Verbs
No comas-Don’t eat
No escribas-Don’t write
No pidas-Don’t order/ask
Affirmative Tú Commands
Same form as the Singular 3rd Person, except the 8 irregulars
-AR
Habla-Speak
Canta-Sing
Juega-Play
-ER/-IR
Come-Eat
Escribe-Write
Pide-Order/Ask
Irregular Affirmative Tú Verbs
decir-di hacer-haz ir-ve poner-pon salir-sal ser-sé tener-ten venir-ven
Pronouns for Commands
Affirmative-attached
Negative-not attached
The personal pronoun comes first, then the direct object pronoun.
Tú Dile-Tell him Léela-Read it Póntelos-Put them on No le digas-Do not tell him No la lee
UD.
Past Participle
-AR
Hablar->Hablado-spoken
-ER/-IR
Comer->Comido-eaten
Vivir->Vivido-lived
NOTE: Accent is added to the “i” if the stem of the -ER/-IR ends in “a”, “e”, “o”
Caer->Caído-fallen Creer->Creído-thought Leer->Leído-read Oír->Oído-heard (Son)reír->(Son)reído Traer->Traído-tried
NOTE: As an adjective the past participle reflects the noun it’s modifying.
Irregular Past Participles
Abrir
Abierto-opened
Present Perfect Indicative
Haber + past participle
He hablado-I have spoken Has hablado-You have spoken Ha hablado-You have spoken/He/She has spoken Hemos hablado-We have spoken Habéis hablado-You have spoken Han Hablado-You/they have spoken
NOTE: NEVER change the “o” at the end to an “a”
Present Perfect Subjunctive
Same as Indicative, except that Haber changes to the subjunctive form.
Haya hablado Hayas hablado Haya hablado Hayamos hablado Hayáis hablado Hayan hablado
mine
mío/mía/míos/mías
yours (informal, singular)
tuyo/tuya/tuyos/tuyas
yours/his/hers (formal)
suyo/suya/suyos/suyas
ours
nuestro/nuestra/nuestros/nuestras
