FINAL

Question 0

Flow of blood thru the heart L side

Answer 0

1. oxygenated blood from lungs
2. thru the Pulmonary veins
3. into the L atrium
4. thru the Bicuspid valve/L atrioventricular valve/mitral valve
5. into the L ventricle
6. thru the aortic valve/L semilunar valve
7. thru the aorta
8. out to the body

Question 1

Flow of blood thru the heart R side

Answer 1

1. deoxygenated blood from body
2. in thru superior inferior vena cava & coronary sinus
3. into the R atrium
4. thru the Tricuspid valve or R semilunar valve
5. into the R ventricle
6. thru the pulmonary valve or R semilunar valve
7. to the Pulmonary trunk
8. and into the lungs

Question 2

hearts natural pace maker

Answer 2

SA node

Question 3

3 layers of the heart wall

Answer 3

• pericardium (outside)
• myocardium (middle)
• endocardium (innermost)

Question 4

heart is contracting; top number in b/p

Answer 4

systole

Question 5

heart muscle relaxes; lower number on b/p

Answer 5

diastole

Question 6

slow heart rate

Answer 6

bradycardia

Question 7

fast heart rate

Answer 7

tachycardia

Question 8

speed of heart beat

Answer 8

heart rate

Question 9

abnormal rhythm

Answer 9

arrhythmia

Question 10

what carries blood away from the heart to organs

Answer 10

arteries

Question 11

carries blood to the heart

Answer 11

veins

Question 12

layers of the blood vessel wall

Answer 12

• tunica interna (inner lining)
• tunica media (middle)
• tunica externa (outer covering)

Question 13

4 types of shock

Answer 13

1. cardiogenic
2. anaphalactic
3. septic
4. hypovelemic

Question 28

GI tract

Answer 28

alimentary canal

Question 29

when the peritoneal cavity can become distended by the accumulation of several liters of fluid

Answer 29

ascites

Question 30

mouth

Answer 30

buccal cavity

Question 31

lips

Answer 31

labia

Question 32

enzyme that starts the breakdown of starch in the mouth into maltose, maltotriose, and a-dextrin

Answer 32

salivary amylase

Question 33

inflammation and enlargement of the parotid glands

Answer 33

mumps

Question 34

teeth

Answer 34

dentes

Question 35

forms the majority of the tooth

Answer 35

dentin

Question 36

covers the dentin of the crown

Answer 36

enamel

Question 37

covers the dentin of the root

Answer 37

cementum

Question 38

baby teeth

Answer 38

deciduous teeth

Question 39

chewing

Answer 39

mastication

Question 40

swallowed mass

Answer 40

bolus

Question 41

swallowing

Answer 41

deglutition

Question 42

coordinated contractions and relaxations of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis, and pushes the bolus onward

Answer 42

peristalsis

Question 43

when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close after food has entered the stomach, causing the stomach contents to relux

Answer 43

GERD

Question 44

narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 44

pyloric stenosis

Question 45

soupy liquid that is formed when the waves of macerated food mix with secretions of the gastric glands

Answer 45

chyme

Question 46

vomiting

Answer 46

emesis

Question 47

fixed phagocytes which destroy worn-out WBC & RBC, bacteria and other foreign matter in the venous blood draining from the GI tract

Answer 47

Kupffer cells

Question 48

when bile contains wither insufficient bile salts or lecithin or excessive cholesterol and become crystalized

Answer 48

gallstones

Question 49

process in which the large lipid globule is broken down into several small lipid globules

Answer 49

emulsification

Question 50

intensifies peristalsis in the ileum and forces any chyme into the cecum

Answer 50

gastroileal reflex

Question 51

blood that is hidden

Answer 51

occult blood

Question 52

sac-like outpouchings of the wall of the colon

Answer 52

diverticular disease

Question 53

hemorrhoids

Answer 53

piles

Question 54

protrusion of a part of the stomach into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm

Answer 54

hiatal hernia

Question 55

inflammation of any part of the GI tract

Answer 55

Crohn's disease

Question 56

inflammation of the mucosa of the colon and rectum, usually with rectal bleeding

Answer 56

ulcerative colitis

Question 57

disease of the entire GI tract, where a person reacts to stress by developing symptoms

Answer 57

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Question 58

female gonads

Answer 58

ovaries

Question 59

oocytes in any stage of development

Answer 59

ovarian follicle

Question 60

female egg

Answer 60

oocyte

Question 61

large fluid filled follicle that is ready to rupture and expel its secondary oocyte (ovulation)

Answer 61

Graafian follicle

Question 62

contains the remnants of a mature follicle after ovulation; produces estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin

Answer 62

corpus luteum

Question 63

fibrous scar tissue; white fibrous patch in the ovary that forms after the corpus luteum regresses

Answer 63

corpus albicans

Question 64

mature egg

Answer 64

ovum

Question 65

provide a route for sperm to reach an ovum and transport secondary oocyte and fertilized ova from the ovaries to the uterus

Answer 65

uterine (fallopian) tubules/oviducts

Question 66

fingerlike structures, especially the lateral ends of the uterine tubes

Answer 66

fimbriae

Question 67

hollow, muscular organ in females that is the site of menstruation, implantation, development of the fetus and labor

Answer 67

uterus

Question 68

special structure through which the exchange of materials between fetus and mother circulation occurs

Answer 68

placenta

Question 69

long, rope like structure containing the umbilical arteries and vein that connect the fetus to the placenta

Answer 69

umbilical cord

Question 70

small vessel in the fetus that helps the circulation bypass the liver

Answer 70

ductus venosus

Question 71

small vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk with the aorta; found only in a fetus

Answer 71

ductus arteriosus

Question 72

opening in the fetal heart in the septum between L & R atria

Answer 72

foramen ovale

Question 73

single cell resulting from male and female gametes; fertilized ovum

Answer 73

zygote

Question 74

most common form of ovarian tumor in which a fluid filled follicle or corpus luteum persists and continues growing

Answer 74

ovarian cyst

Question 75

falling down or downward displacement of the uterus

Answer 75

uterine prolapse

Question 76

collective designation for the external genitalia of females

Answer 76

vulva

Question 77

pelvic floor; space between the vulva and the anus

Answer 77

perineum

Question 78

growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus

Answer 78

endometriosis

Question 79

any extensive bacterial infection of the pelvic organs

Answer 79

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 80

how are the ovaries held in position

Answer 80

- broad ligament - ovarian ligament - suspensory ligament

Question 81

what happens to the secondary oocyte upon fertilization

Answer 81

splits into 2 haploid cells. Larger cell is the ovum, smaller is the 2nd polar body. The nuclei of the sperm cell and ovum unite forming diploid zygote

Question 82

what is the most common site of fertilization

Answer 82

the ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 83

subdivisions of the uterus

Answer 83

1. dome: fundus 2. body 3. cervix

Question 84

layers of the uterine wall

Answer 84

1. perimetrium (outer layer) 2. myometrium (responsible for contractions) 3. endometrium (inner layer)

Question 85

layers of the endometrium of the uterine wall

Answer 85

1. stratum functionalis | 2. stratum basalis

Question 86

what is the purpose of cervical mucus

Answer 86

identifies ovulation and supports sperm

Question 87

what is the role of FSH in females menstrual cycle

Answer 87

initiates follicular growth

Question 88

what is the role of LH is females menstrual cycles

Answer 88

stimulates further development of the ovarian follicles