The Heart

Question 0

Top of Heart

Answer 0

Base

Question 1

Bean shaped portion of heart; lower left corner; rests on Diaphragm

Answer 1

Apex

Question 2

anchors heart; wards off infection

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium

Question 3

lubricates outside of heart

Answer 3

serosal pericardium

Question 4

3 layers of heart wall

Answer 4

1. epicardium (outside)
2. myocardium (middle)
3. endocardium (inner most)

Question 5

gooey substance on outside of heart

Answer 5

pericardial fluid

Question 6

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 6

1. L atrium
2. R atrium
3. L ventricle
4. R ventricle

Question 7

wrinkled pouch like structure, slightly increases the capacity of an atrium so that it can hold a greater volume of blood

Answer 7

auricle

Question 8

between (separates) R & L atrium

Answer 8

interatrial septum

Question 9

separates R & L ventricles

Answer 9

interventricular septum

Question 10

4 valves

Answer 10

(2) atrioventricular (AV)

2) semi lunar (SL

Question 11

drain oxygen poor blood into the R atrium

Answer 11

• superior/inferior vena cava

- coronary sinus

Question 12

take blood to the lungs, branches out into L and R pulmonary arteries

Answer 12

pulmonary trunk/arteries

Question 13

carry blood to the L atrium

Answer 13

pulmonary veins

Question 14

carries blood to a system of blood vessels throughout the whole body

Answer 14

aorta

Question 15

tendon like, fibrous cords that connect atrioventricular valves of the heart with papillary muscles

Answer 15

chordae tendineae

Question 16

muscles located in ventricles of the heart; attach to cusps of the chordae tendineae

Answer 16

papillary muscles

Question 17

deliver blood to the heart

Answer 17

arteries

Question 18

remove deoxygenated blood from the heart

Answer 18

veins

Question 19

hearts natural pace maker

Answer 19

sinoatrial node (SA node)

Question 20

the part of the conduction system of the heart made up of a compact mass of conducting cells located in the septum between the two atria

Answer 20

atrioventricular node (AV node)

Question 21

heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmit the electrical impulses from the AV node to the point of apex

Answer 21

bundle of his

Question 22

one of the 2 branches of the AV bundle made up of specialized muscle fibers that transmit electrical impulses to the ventricles

Answer 22

bundle branches

Question 23

muscle fiber in the ventricular tissue of heart specialized for conducting an action potential to the myocardium

Answer 23

purkinje fibers

Question 24

inflammation of the pericardium

Answer 24

pericarditis

Question 25

pressure on the heart that occurs when blood or fluid build up in the space between the myocardium and the pericardium

Answer 25

cardiac tamponade

Question 26

narrowing, stiffening, thickening, fusion or blockage of one or more valves of your heart

Answer 26

valvular stenosis ( heart valve disease)

Question 27

when the valve between your heart L atrium and the L ventricle don't close properly

Answer 27

mitral valve prolapse

Question 28

inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever

Answer 28

rheumatic fever

Question 29

heart attack

Answer 29

myocardial infarction

Question 30

chest pain or discomfort that occurs with activity or stress

Answer 30

angina pectoris

Question 31

deficiency in amount of oxygen reaching the tissues

Answer 31

hypoxia

Question 32

a record or display of a persons heartbeat

Answer 32

electrocardiogram

Question 33

ECG deflection representing atrial depolarization

Answer 33

P wave

Question 34

represents ventricular depolarization

Answer 34

QRS complex

Question 35

represents ventricular repolarization

Answer 35

T wave

Question 36

causes the ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk; heart is contracting

Answer 36

systole

Question 37

phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows chambers to fill with blood

Answer 37

diastole

Question 38

the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs

Answer 38

auscultation

Question 39

an extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat

Answer 39

murmur

Question 40

condition in which heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm

Answer 40

arrhythmia

Question 41

rapid, irregular and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers

Answer 41

fibrillation

Question 42

volume of blood being pumped by the heart in the interval of 1 minute

Answer 42

cardiac output

Question 43

amount of blood pumped by the L ventricle of the heart in one contraction

Answer 43

stroke volume

Question 44

speed of the heartbeat

Answer 44

heart rate

Question 45

initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction; how much blood is in the ventricles before contraction

Answer 45

preload

Question 46

the forces the oppose ejection of blood out of the chambers; resistance of blood flow

Answer 46

afterload

Question 47

the heart does not pump as well as it should to meet body's oxygen demands; weakness of heart that leads to build up of fluid in the lungs

Answer 47

congestive heart failure

Question 48

abnormal build up of fluid in the air sacs of lungs; leads to shortness of breath

Answer 48

pulmonary edema

Question 49

abnormally rapid heart rate

Answer 49

tachycardia

Question 50

abnormally slow heart rate

Answer 50

bradychardia

Question 51

disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries

Answer 51

atherosclerosis

Question 52

what body cavity contains the heart?

Answer 52

thoracic cavity

Question 53

what external body landmarks can be used to identify the location of the heart?

Answer 53

between the 2nd rib and 5th intercostal space

Question 54

why are the ventricles the larger chambers?

Answer 54

they are responsible for the pumping action to move blood through the body

Question 55

which heart chamber does the most work of the others?

Answer 55

L ventricle

Question 56

what causes heart valves to open and close?

Answer 56

when pressure is greater behind, valve opens; when pressure is greater in front, valve closes

Question 57

what is the purpose of the heart valves?

Answer 57

make sure blood flows one way

Question 58

what creates our heart sounds?

Answer 58

valves of the heart opening and closing

Question 59

what would happen if there was a hole in the wall between chambers?

Answer 59

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Question 60

what is the function of the coronary circulation?

Answer 60

circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle

Question 61

what three factors regulate stroke volume?

Answer 61

1. preload 2. contractility 3. afterload

Question 62

what part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulates heart function?

Answer 62

medulla oblongata

Question 63

how do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers adjust heart rate?

Answer 63

- sympathetic: increases heart rate on SA node | - parasympathetic: decreases heart rate on SA node

Question 64

what is the normal range for a pulse in the adult

Answer 64

60 to 100 bpm