Final 😍😍😍

Question 1

contagious behavior

Answer 1

a more-or-less instinctive of reflexive behavior triggered by the occurrence of the same behavior in another individual

Question 2

generalized imitation

Answer 2

the tendency to imitate a new model behavior in the absence of any specific reinforcement for doing so

Question 3

observational learning

Answer 3

the process whereby the behavior of a model is witnessed by an observer, and the observers behavior is subsequently changed

Question 4

personal process rule

Answer 4

a personal rule that indicates the specific process by which a task is to be accomplished (also implementation intension)

Question 5

personal rule

Answer 5

a verbal description of a contingency that we present to ourselves to influence our behavior

Question 6

rule

Answer 6

a verbal description of a contingency

Question 7

rule-governed behavior

Answer 7

behavior the has been generated through exposure to rules

Question 8

say-do correspondence

Answer 8

a close match between what we say we are going to do and what we actually do at a later time

Question 9

stimulus enhancement

Answer 9

directing attention to a particular place or object, making it more likely that the observer will approach that place or object

Question 10

true imitation

Answer 10

duplicating a novel behavior (or sequence of behaviors) to achieve a specific goal

Question 11

vicarious emotional response

Answer 11

a classically conditioned emotional response resulting from seeing that emotional response exhibited by others

Question 12

activity anorexia

Answer 12

an abnormally high level of activity and low level of food intake generated by exposure to a restricted schedule of feeding

Question 13

adjunctive behavior

Answer 13

an excessive pattern of behavior that emerges as a byproduct of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement for some other behavior

Question 14

autoshaping

Answer 14

a type of sign tracking in which a pigeon comes to automatically peck at a response key because the key light has been associated with the response-independent delivery of food

Question 15

behavior system theory

Answer 15

a theory proposing that an animal’s behavior is organized into certain systems or categories (such as feeding, mating, and avoiding behavior) with each category containing a set of relevant responses that can become activated in certain situations

Question 16

CS-US relevance

Answer 16

an innate tendency to easily associate certain types of stimuli with each other

Question 17

displacement activity

Answer 17

an apparently irrelevant activity sometimes displaced by animals when confronted by conflict or thwarted from attaining a goal

Question 18

instinctive drift

Answer 18

an instance of classical conditioning in which a genetically based, fixed action pattern gradually emerges and displaces a behavior that is being operantly conditioned

Question 19

preparedness

Answer 19

an inmate tendency for an organism to more easily learn certain types of behaviors or to associate certain types of events with each other

Question 20

sign tracking

Answer 20

a type of elicited behavior in which an organism approaches a stimulus that signals the presentation of an appetitive event

Question 21

taste aversion conditioning

Answer 21

a form of classical conditioning in which a food item that has been paired with gastrointestinal illness becomes a conditioned aversive stimulus

Question 22

biophilia hypothesis

Answer 22

the inherited predisposition to be drawn to or bond with nature, including other animals

Question 23

communication

Answer 23

the process of sending and receiving a signal of some sort

Question 24

comparative cognition

Answer 24

the study of information processing across a variety of species

Question 25

delayed matching to sample

Answer 25

a memory task in which the animal is first shown a sample stimulus and then, following some delay, is required to select that stimulus out of a group of alternative stimulus

Question 26

language

Answer 26

a special category of communication which has some key features- symbols, syntax, and semantics- that distinguishes it from other forms of communication

Question 27

numerosity

Answer 27

an understanding of quantity

Question 28

reference

Answer 28

the ability to associate arbitrary symbols with objects or events

Question 29

self-awareness

Answer 29

the ability to perceive oneself as separate from others

Question 30

semantics

Answer 30

the meaning associated with symbols

Question 31

symbol

Answer 31

a cue that is used to represent some experience or object that you can then share with someone else

Question 32

syntax

Answer 32

the system of grammatical rules by which symbols are arranged, as well as how those symbols can be modified and interact with one another

Question 33

theory of mind

Answer 33

the tendency to impute mental states to other individuals

Question 34

transitive inference

Answer 34

a form of reasoning in which the relationship between two objects can be inferred by knowing the relationship of each to a third object