Test 2

Question 1

Appetitive Conditioning

Answer 1

Conditioning procedure in which the US is an event that an organism approaches or seeks out

Question 2

Aversive Conditioning

Answer 2

Conditioning Procedure in which the US is an event that an organism avoids

Question 3

Backward Conditioning

Answer 3

Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS follows the onset of the US

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

a process whereby one stimulus that does not elicit a certain response is associated with a second stimulus that does; as a result, the first stimulus also comes to elicit a response

Question 5

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 5

the response, often similar to the unconditioned similar to the unconditioned response, that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus

Question 6

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 6

any stimulus that, although initially neutral, comes to elicit a response because it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

Delayed Conditioning

Answer 7

conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US, and the two stimulus overlap

Question 8

Dishabituation

Answer 8

the reappearance of a habituated response to a stimulus following the presentation of another, seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus

Question 9

Excitatory Conditioning

Answer 9

conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the presentation of a US

Question 10

Fixed Action Pattern

Answer 10

A fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus

Question 11

Flexion Response

Answer 11

the automatic response of jerking one’s hand or foot away from something hot or sharp

Question 12

Habituation

Answer 12

a decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

Question 13

Inhibitory Conditioning

Answer 13

Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the absence or removal of a US

Question 14

Opponent-Process Theory

Answer 14

a theory proposing that an emotional event elicits two competing processes (1) an a-process (or primary response) directly elicited by the event, and (2) a b-process (or opponent process) that is elicited by the a-process and serves to counteract the a-process

Question 15

Orienting Response

Answer 15

the automatic positioning of oneself to facilitate attending to a stimulus

Question 16

Reflex

Answer 16

a relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus

Question 17

Reflex Arc

Answer 17

a neutral structure that underlies many reflexes and consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron

Question 18

Sensitization

Answer 18

an increase in the strength of an elicited response following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

Question 19

Sign Stimulus

Answer 19

A specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern

Question 20

Simultaneous Conditioning

Answer 20

conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS and the onset of the US are simultaneous

Question 21

Startle Response

Answer 21

a defensive reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus, which involves automatic tightening of skeletal muscles and various hormonal and visceral changes

Question 22

Trace conditioning

Answer 22

conditioning procedure in which the onset ad the offset of the NS precede the onset of the US

Question 23

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 23

the response that is naturally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus without any prior learning

Question 24

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 24

a stimulus that naturally elicits a response without any prior learning