Test 4

Question 1

anticipatory contrast

Answer 1

the process whereby the rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming (“anticipated”) change in the rate of reinforcement

Question 2

behavioral contrast

Answer 2

a change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of reinforcement

Question 3

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)

Answer 3

reinforcement of any behavior other than a target behavior that is being extinguished

Question 4

Discrimination Training

Answer 4

as applied to operant conditioning, the differential reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimuli (S+) and not another

Question 5

Discriminative Stimulus for Extinction (S-) or (S^delta)

Answer 5

a stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement

Question 6

errorless discrimination training

Answer 6

a discrimination training procedure that minimizes the number of errors and reduces many of the adverse effects associated with discrimination training

Question 7

extinction

Answer 7

the non reinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the strength of that response

Question 8

extinction burst

Answer 8

a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented

Question 9

fading

Answer 9

the process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus

Question 10

generalization gradient

Answer 10

a graphic description of the strength of responding in the presense of a stimuli that are similar to the S+ and vary along a continuum

Question 11

multiple schedule

Answer 11

a complex schedule consisting of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each resulting in reinforcement and each having a distinctive S+

Question 12

Negative Contrast Effect

Answer 12

the process whereby an increase in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces a decrease in the rate of response on the other component

Question 13

Partial Reinforcement Effect

Answer 13

the process whereby behavior that has been maintained on an intermittent (partial) schedule of reinforcement extinguished more slowly than behavior that has been maintained on a continuous schedule schedule

Question 14

Peak Shift Effect

Answer 14

following discrimination training, the peak of a generalization gradient will shift from the S+ to a stimulus that is further removed from the S-

Question 15

Positive Contrast Effect

Answer 15

the process whereby a decrease in a rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an increase in the rate of response on the other component

Question 16

resistance to extinction

Answer 16

the extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented

Question 17

resurgence

Answer 17

the reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement

Question 18

spontaneous

Answer 18

the reappearance of an extinguished response following a rest period after extinction

Question 19

stimulus control

Answer 19

a situation in which the presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of a behavior

Question 20

stimulus discrimination

Answer 20

in operant conditioning, the tendency for an operant response to be emitted more in the presence of one stimulus than another

Question 21

stimulus generalization

Answer 21

in operant conditioning, the tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to an S+

Question 22

bias from matching

Answer 22

a deviation from matching in which one response alternative attracts a higher proportion of responses than would be predicted by matching, regardless of whether that alternative contains the richer vs. poorer schedule

Question 23

commitment response

Answer 23

an action carried out at an early point in time that serves to either eliminate or reduce the value of an upcoming temptation

Question 24

concurrent schedule of reinforcement

Answer 24

a complex schedule consisting of the simultaneous presentation of two or more independent schedules, each leading to a reinforcer

Question 25

impulsiveness

Answer 25

with respect to choice between two rewards, selecting a smaller sooner reward over a larger later reward

Question 26

matching law

Answer 26

the principle that the proportion of responses emitted on a particular schedule matches the proportion of reinforcers obtained on that schedule

Question 27

melioration theory

Answer 27

a theory of matching that holds that distribution of behavior in a choice situation shifts toward those alternatives that have higher value regardless of the long-term effect on overall amount of reinforcement

Question 28

overmatching

Answer 28

a deviation from matching in which the proportion of responses on the richer schedule versus poorer schedule if more different than would be predicted by matching

Question 29

self-control

Answer 29

with respect to choice between two rewards, selecting a larger later reward over a smaller sooner reward

Question 30

small-but-

Answer 30

g