final chp. 19

Question 1

blood

Answer 1

fluid of CT with cells suspended in the fluid matrix with a 38 C normal temp

Question 2

whole blood

Answer 2

plasma(55) and formed elements(45)

Question 3

plasma

Answer 3

plasma proteins (7%) albumins, globulins and fibrinogen
solutes: plasma proteins
water (92%)

Question 4

formed elements

Answer 4

RBC: transport oxygen
WBC: immune system component
platelets: cell fragments for clotting

Question 5

hemopoiesis

Answer 5

RBC production by forming blood components from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
- creates about 3 million RBCs every second

Question 6

hemoglobin structure

Answer 6

quaternary structure, 4 globular protein subunits that move respiratory gases
heme + iron ion
Hb + O2 = HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin)

Question 7

hemoglobin function

Answer 7

give RBCs their color
picks up O2 and delivers it to the rest of the body

Question 8

hemostasis

Answer 8

to cease or stop bleeding
1. vascular, platelet, coagulation, clot retraction

Question 9

thrombocytopenia

Answer 9

low platelet count

Question 10

thrombocytosis

Answer 10

high platelet count

Question 11

vascular phase

Answer 11

30 mins of vascular spasm
- endothelial cells contract and release endothelins to stimulate smooth muscle contraction
- cells become sticky to stop blood flow

Question 12

platelet phase

Answer 12

15 secs from initial injury
- platelets stick to endothelial cells, basement membrane and collagen fibers
- aggregate to close the wound and release clotting compounds
(ADP, PDGF, Ca 2+, serotonin)

Question 13

coagulation phase

Answer 13

blood clotting begins 30 sec after cut
- enzyme chan reactions turn fibrinogen into fibrin forming a blood clot (soluble into insoluble)

Question 14

clot retraction phase

Answer 14

pulls the cut together, stops the bleeding and stabilizes the injury site

Question 15

clotting pathways

Answer 15

extrinsic, intrinsic, common

Question 16

extrinsic pathway

Answer 16

begins outside the bloodstream in vessel wall
- tissue factor released with other enzymes to form factor X

Question 17

intrinsic pathway

Answer 17

collagen activates enzymes and circulates proenzymes in the bloodstream, activates Factor X

Question 18

common pathway

Answer 18

extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge & activate Factor X
prothrombin will turn into thrombin
thrombin will convert fibrinogen into fibrin