final chp. 21

Question 1

blood vessels

Answer 1

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, aorta, pulmonary trunk

Question 2

arteries

Answer 2

carry blood away from the heart

Question 3

arterioles

Answer 3

smallest branches of arteries

Question 4

capillaries

Answer 4

smallest blood vessels, thin walls
material exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

Question 5

venules

Answer 5

collect blood from capillaries

Question 6

veins

Answer 6

return blood to the heart

Question 7

aorta

Answer 7

send blood from left ventricle to systemic circulation
elastic

Question 8

pulmonary trunk

Answer 8

send blood from right ventricle to pulmonary circulation
major vein

Question 9

tunica intima (inner layer)

Answer 9

present in all vessels
internal elastic membrane: endothelial cells with CT sheath

Question 10

tunica media (middle layer)

Answer 10

sheets of smooth muscle in loose CT in the external elastic membrane

Question 11

tunica externa (outer layer)

Answer 11

present in large vessels
has collagen and elastic fibers, anchors vessel to adjacent tissues
found in veins smooth muscle

Question 12

arteries vs veins

Answer 12

run side by side,
thick walls, higher pressure, small, round
round vs flat, thin, large lumen
rippled vs smooth endothelium that contracts
arteries have an internal & external elastic membrane
collage, elastic fibers
veins have smooth muscle cells and valves

Question 13

smooth muscle tissue

Answer 13

found in blood vessels and airways
non striated
regulates BP and airflow
long, slender & spindle shaped with a nucleus

Question 14

smooth muscle contractions

Answer 14

thin filaments attached to dense bodies that transmit contractions from cell to cell

Question 15

smooth muscle excitation contraction coupling

Answer 15

Ca 2+ in sarcoplasm triggers contraction
Ca 2+ binds to calmodulin in the sarcoplasm
this activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)
MLCK breaks down ATP to initiate contraction

Question 16

capillary beds (plexus)

Answer 16

connect arteriole to venule
precapillary sphincters guard entrances, control blood flow
have multiple arteries (collaterals)

Question 17

thoroughfare channels

Answer 17

direct connections between arterioles and venules controlled by smooth muscle segments

Question 18

arterial anastomoses

Answer 18

fusion of two collateral arteries

Question 19

filtration at capillary beds

Answer 19

driven by hydrostatic pressure that drives material out through the capillary wall
leaves large solutes in the bloodstream

Question 20

reabsorption at capillary beds

Answer 20

happens due to OP (osmotic pressure)

Question 21

NFP = CHP vs BCOP

Answer 21

net filtration pressure
capillary hydrostatic pressure vs blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 22

hepatic portal system

Answer 22

detours venous blood from GI tract to liver then to the heart
hepatic portal vein: splenic and mesenteric veins
gastric and portal vein merge together

Question 23

portal vein

Answer 23

delivers glucose and amino acids from the GI tract directly to the liver before sending it to the heart