midterm review 2

Question 1

what is emerging adulthood?

Answer 1

a distinct stage in social environment that gives youth an extended social moratorium on identity achievement
SEEKING STABILITY TO SUPPORT ADULTHOOD

Question 2

is emerging adulthood universal?

Answer 2

no, it varies across cultural and national contexts
varies based off education, work, belief and life options

Question 3

five distinctive features of emerging adulthood

Answer 3

• identity exploration
• instability in love and work
• self focus
• feeling in between
• optimism to transform life

Question 4

what is the goal of emerging adulthood ?

Answer 4

to learn to stand alone as a self sufficient person

Question 5

what defines adulthood ?

Answer 5

adulthood is defined by enduring commitments and independence from parents

Question 6

what doesn’t bother emerging adulthood ?

Answer 6

instability because its a process of exploration

Question 7

what gave rise to emerging adulthood ?

Answer 7

technology
sexual revolution
women’s movement
youth movement

Question 8

what is cognitive development ?

Answer 8

the development of thinking, problem solving, and memory

Question 9

piaget’s 4 stage theory of cognitive development

Answer 9

sensorimotor
pre operational
concrete operations
formal operations

Question 10

1st stage sensorimotor

Answer 10

infant
uses it senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment

Question 11

2nd stage pre operational

Answer 11

pre school child
using language as a means of exploring the world
can result in egocentrisim, conservation, centrism and irreversability

Question 12

3rd stage concrete operations

Answer 12

school aged child
becomes capable of logical thinking but not abstract thinking

Question 13

4th stage formal operations

Answer 13

12 years to adult
the emerging adolescent
becomes capable of abstract thinking

Question 14

what is conservation?

Answer 14

understanding that changing the appearance of an object does not change its nature

Question 15

what is object permenence?

Answer 15

the knowledge that an object exists even when its not in sight

Question 16

what is egocentrism?

Answer 16

inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes , doesn’t recognize that others have a different world view

Question 17

what is the zone of proximal development?

Answer 17

the distance between the most difficult task a child can do alone and the most difficult task the child can do with help

Question 18

what is scaffolding?

Answer 18

a process in which a more skilled learner provides helps to a less skilled learner
the point is to build a bridge to cross the zone of proximal development

Question 19

features of play

Answer 19

use language
discuss role, objects and directions
correct each other
learn about ideas and situations
creating social knowledge and adjusting a child’s view of the world

Question 20

what is executive function?

Answer 20

ability to apply cognitive control; self regulation skills, social skills, self discipline

Question 21

attachment formation types

Answer 21

secure, insecure, ambivalent, disorganized

Question 22

secure attachment

Answer 22

Characterized by trust, feels worthy and well liked
– have the most enduring romantic relationships
– Experience highest levels of commitment and of satisfaction with their relationships

Question 23

insecure/avoidant attachment

Answer 23

Least likely to enter into relationship
– Most likely to report never having been in love
– Maintain emotional distance
- have the lowest level of commitment

Question 24

ambivalent/anxious attachment

Answer 24

– short-lived romantic relationships
– enter into relationships most quickly, often before they know their partner well
– angry and upset when their love is not reciprocated

Question 25

disorganized attachment

Answer 25

Failed attachment; disorganized, confused behavior

Question 26

what is the social baseline theory?

Answer 26

we are hard wired to assume close proximity to those that are like us
we use social proximity as a baseline affect regulation strategy

Question 27

what is tactuality?

Answer 27

sense of being present and in tune and comfortable with face to face encounters

Question 28

mcadams level of the person

Answer 28

actor (2-3)
agent (7-9)
author (15-25)

Question 29

what is actor?

Answer 29

dispositional traits
OCEAN
- openness
- conscientiousness
- extroversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism

Question 30

what is agent ?

Answer 30

goals and values that turn into motivation,
humans are not social actors and strive to achieve desired ends

Question 31

what is author ?

Answer 31

the definition of life and understanding yourself and how to live in the world

Question 31

six developmental trends

Answer 31

coherence
openness
credibility
differentiation
reconciliation
generative integration

Question 32

what is coherence?

Answer 32

The story makes sense

Question 33

what is openness?

Answer 33

Tolerance for ambiguity; stories need to be flexible and resilient

Question 34

what is credibility?

Answer 34

the storyline must be credible and accountable to facts that can be known or found out

Question 35

what is differentiation?

Answer 35

As the adult matures, the story becomes richer, deeper, more complex

Question 36

what is reconciliation?

Answer 36

Narrative solutions that provide harmony and integrity of the self

Question 37

what is generative integration?

Answer 37

The good myth integrates the mythmaker into society in a generative way

Question 38

motivational themes

Answer 38

values and beliefs that turn into a bias towards agency and communion which established during adolescence

Question 39

Kohlberg’s levels of morality

Answer 39

preconventional morality
conventional morality
postconventional morality

Question 40

preconventional morality

Answer 40

behavior is governed by the consequences of behavior

Question 41

conventional morality

Answer 41

behavior is governed by conforming to society’s norms of behavior; guilt emerges

Question 42

post conventional morality

Answer 42

behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided by the individual ; may or may not agree with social norms

Question 43

time perspective

Answer 43

logical sense of the past present and future dependent on trust vs mistrust outcome from infancy

Question 44

time diffusion

Answer 44

simultaneous sense of great urgency and a sense of missed greatness and fatal loss of useful potentials