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anatomy > final chp. 20 > Flashcards

final chp. 20 Flashcards

1
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

right & left atrium; right & left ventricle
they deliver equal volumes of blood through the pulmonary and systemic system

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2
Q

pericardium structures

A
  1. visceral pericardium (inner layer)
  2. parietal pericardium (outer layer & inner layer of pericardial sac)
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3
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

excess pericardial fluid

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4
Q

auricle

A

extension of atrium

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5
Q

heart wall layers

A

epicardium : covers the heart (visceral pericardium)
myocardium : cardiac muscle tissue
endocardium : inner epithelial layer

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6
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

folds of fibrous tissue that connect atria to ventricles, permit blood flow in one direction

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7
Q

superior vena cava

A

returns blood from head, neck, chest and upper limbs

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8
Q

inferior vena cava

A

returns blood from trunk, viscera and lower limbs

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9
Q

coronary sinus

A

delivers blood from cardiac veins to the right atrium

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10
Q

moderator band

A

connects interventricular septum to papillary muscles

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11
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

regulates blood flow from pulmonary trunk into ventricle

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12
Q

right atrioventricular valve

A

tricuspid valve

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13
Q

pulmonary veins

A

deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium

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14
Q

bicuspid valve

A

mitral valve, allow blood to flow into the left ventricle

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15
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

lets blood travel from the ventricle to the ascending aorta, to the aortic arch into the descending aorta

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16
Q

left and right coronary arteries

A

vessels with the highest blood pressure

17
Q

elastic rebound

A

blood entering the aorta stretches the vessel but when the ventricle relaxes the aorta recoils and pushes blood to the systemic circuit

18
Q

right coronary artery

A

supplies blood to right atrium, ventricles and conduction system

19
Q

left coronary artery

A

supplies blood to left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum

20
Q

great cardiac vein

A

all veins empty into here
runs along anterior surface of ventricles
drain blood from region supplied by interventricular artery
empties into coronary sinus

21
Q

small cardiac vein

A

drains posterior surface of right atrium and ventricle

22
Q

conducting system

A

generates and distributes electrical impulses necessary to push blood through systemic and pulmonary systems

23
Q

components of conduction system

A

SA node, AV node, internodal pathways, AV bundle, purkinje fibers

24
Q

SA node

A

found in right atrium wall
creates 80-100 action potentials per min
depolarizes to establish heart rate

25
Q

AV node

A

found near coronary sinus
impulse from SA node travels by internodal pathways to AV node
allows atria to contract before ventricle due to 100 msec delay

26
Q

purkinje fibers

A

distribute impulses to ventricular myocardium

27
Q

AV bundle

A

fibers that the impulse travels along

28
Q

pacemaker action potential

A

occurs in the SA and AV node
1.
2.
3.
4.

29
Q

cardiodynamics

A

the movement and force generated by cardiac contractions

30
Q

ESV: end systolic volume

A

blood remaining in ventricles after ventricular systole

31
Q

EDV: end diastolic volume

A

blood remaining in ventricles after ventricular diastole

32
Q

SV: stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped out of ventricles in one beat, results in ESV

33
Q

stroke volume calculation

A

EDV - ESV

34
Q

cardiac output

A

HR x SV
amount of blood pumped out the left ventricle in 1 min

35
Q

cardioacceleratory center

A

increases HR, controls sympathetic neurons
- results in reduced repolarization and more rapid depolarization
- opens Na+ and Ca2+ channels

36
Q

cardioinhibitory center

A

slows HR, controls parasympathetic neurons
- opens K+ channels
- results in hyperpolarization

37
Q

the cardiac cycle part 1

A
  1. atrial contraction (systole) AV valves open and blood goes into the ventricles
  2. atrial relaxation (diastole) AV and semilunar valves are closed, EDV in ventricles
  3. ventricular contraction (systole) and build pressure in closed AV valves
38
Q

the cardiac cycle part 2

A
  1. pressure built up causes the the opening of semilunar valves and blood ejection from ventricles
  2. ventricular relaxation (diastole) when pressure drops and blood flow forces all heart valves closed. blood then flows into the atria
  3. ventricular diastole: all heart chambers relax and valves are closed, as the atria fills this builds pressure in the ventricle and ventricles fill passively

anatomy (23 decks)

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