final chp. 20

Question 1

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 1

right & left atrium; right & left ventricle
they deliver equal volumes of blood through the pulmonary and systemic system

Question 2

pericardium structures

Answer 2

1. visceral pericardium (inner layer)
2. parietal pericardium (outer layer & inner layer of pericardial sac)

Question 3

cardiac tamponade

Answer 3

excess pericardial fluid

Question 4

auricle

Answer 4

extension of atrium

Question 5

heart wall layers

Answer 5

epicardium : covers the heart (visceral pericardium)
myocardium : cardiac muscle tissue
endocardium : inner epithelial layer

Question 6

atrioventricular valves

Answer 6

folds of fibrous tissue that connect atria to ventricles, permit blood flow in one direction

Question 7

superior vena cava

Answer 7

returns blood from head, neck, chest and upper limbs

Question 8

inferior vena cava

Answer 8

returns blood from trunk, viscera and lower limbs

Question 9

coronary sinus

Answer 9

delivers blood from cardiac veins to the right atrium

Question 10

moderator band

Answer 10

connects interventricular septum to papillary muscles

Question 11

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 11

regulates blood flow from pulmonary trunk into ventricle

Question 12

right atrioventricular valve

Answer 12

tricuspid valve

Question 13

pulmonary veins

Answer 13

deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 14

bicuspid valve

Answer 14

mitral valve, allow blood to flow into the left ventricle

Question 15

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 15

lets blood travel from the ventricle to the ascending aorta, to the aortic arch into the descending aorta

Question 16

left and right coronary arteries

Answer 16

vessels with the highest blood pressure

Question 17

elastic rebound

Answer 17

blood entering the aorta stretches the vessel but when the ventricle relaxes the aorta recoils and pushes blood to the systemic circuit

Question 18

right coronary artery

Answer 18

supplies blood to right atrium, ventricles and conduction system

Question 19

left coronary artery

Answer 19

supplies blood to left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum

Question 20

great cardiac vein

Answer 20

all veins empty into here
runs along anterior surface of ventricles
drain blood from region supplied by interventricular artery
empties into coronary sinus

Question 21

small cardiac vein

Answer 21

drains posterior surface of right atrium and ventricle

Question 22

conducting system

Answer 22

generates and distributes electrical impulses necessary to push blood through systemic and pulmonary systems

Question 23

components of conduction system

Answer 23

SA node, AV node, internodal pathways, AV bundle, purkinje fibers

Question 24

SA node

Answer 24

found in right atrium wall
creates 80-100 action potentials per min
depolarizes to establish heart rate

Question 25

AV node

Answer 25

found near coronary sinus impulse from SA node travels by internodal pathways to AV node allows atria to contract before ventricle due to 100 msec delay

Question 26

purkinje fibers

Answer 26

distribute impulses to ventricular myocardium

Question 27

AV bundle

Answer 27

fibers that the impulse travels along

Question 28

pacemaker action potential

Answer 28

occurs in the SA and AV node 1. 2. 3. 4.

Question 29

cardiodynamics

Answer 29

the movement and force generated by cardiac contractions

Question 30

ESV: end systolic volume

Answer 30

blood remaining in ventricles after ventricular systole

Question 31

EDV: end diastolic volume

Answer 31

blood remaining in ventricles after ventricular diastole

Question 32

SV: stroke volume

Answer 32

amount of blood pumped out of ventricles in one beat, results in ESV

Question 33

stroke volume calculation

Answer 33

EDV - ESV

Question 34

cardiac output

Answer 34

HR x SV amount of blood pumped out the left ventricle in 1 min

Question 35

cardioacceleratory center

Answer 35

increases HR, controls sympathetic neurons - results in reduced repolarization and more rapid depolarization - opens Na+ and Ca2+ channels

Question 36

cardioinhibitory center

Answer 36

slows HR, controls parasympathetic neurons - opens K+ channels - results in hyperpolarization

Question 37

the cardiac cycle part 1

Answer 37

1. atrial contraction (systole) AV valves open and blood goes into the ventricles 2. atrial relaxation (diastole) AV and semilunar valves are closed, EDV in ventricles 3. ventricular contraction (systole) and build pressure in closed AV valves

Question 38

the cardiac cycle part 2

Answer 38

3. pressure built up causes the the opening of semilunar valves and blood ejection from ventricles 4. ventricular relaxation (diastole) when pressure drops and blood flow forces all heart valves closed. blood then flows into the atria 5. ventricular diastole: all heart chambers relax and valves are closed, as the atria fills this builds pressure in the ventricle and ventricles fill passively