Final Exam 12/12/12

Question 1

Amorphous silicon indirect capture and amorphous selenium direct capture

Answer 1

What are flat-panel detectors for fluoroscopy imaging?

Question 2

This recording system uses 70 mm or 105 mm film

Answer 2

What are film cameras for spot filming?

Question 3

Resolution of a typical high resolution monitor

Answer 3

What is 1024 lines?

Question 4

Range of spatial resolution capabilities of typical fluoroscopic systems

Answer 4

What is 4-6 Lp/mm?

Question 5

Pattern when the electron beam in the camera scans the target from left to right and from top to bottom

Answer 5

What is raster pattern?

Question 6

Absorbs x-rays and emits light in fluoroscopy systems

Answer 6

What is the input phosphor?

Question 7

Each capacitor in a CCD represents this

Answer 7

What is a pixel?

Question 8

The radiographer may be responsible for this type of inspection of fluoroscopic equipment for QC purposes

Answer 8

What is operational?

Question 9

This type of imaging is accomplished with fluoroscopy as opposed to radiography

Answer 9

What is dynamic?

Question 10

In terms of resolution, the weakest part of the fluoroscopic system

Answer 10

What is the television monitor?

Question 11

In fluoroscopy, this absorbs electrons and emits light

Answer 11

What is output phosphor?

Question 12

This is measured in cd/m2/mR/s

Answer 12

What is the conversion factor?

Question 13

Fluoroscopic equipment should be inspected this often

Answer 13

What is twice a year, every 6 months or bi-annually?

Question 14

This has replaced the use of image intensifiers in the newest fluoroscopy systems

Answer 14

What are flat panel detectors?

Question 15

This organization maintains the Standards for Ethics for radiologic technologists

Answer 15

What is ARRT or American Registry of Radiologic Technologists?

Question 16

Informed consent is a patient’s right under the principle of __________.

Answer 16

Autonomy?

Question 17

The Code of Ethics states radiographers must deliver patient care and service without discrimination on the basis of sex, creed and this

Answer 17

What is religion?

Question 18

Stating an exam question to your instructor can be an attempt to ________ the ARRT’s examination process.

Answer 18

What is subvert?

Question 19

The purpose of health care ethics is to protect the patient from _________

Answer 19

What is harm?

Question 20

The study of duty or obligation

Answer 20

What is deontology?

Question 21

Providing services with full respect for the dignity of mankind is a rule of the ____________.

Answer 21

What is the ARRT Code of Ethics?

Question 22

The three standard radiation safety practices to be used during fluoroscopy

Answer 22

What are time, distance and shielding?

Question 23

The amount of detail present on a digital image

Answer 23

What is spatial resolution?

Question 24

Misrepresentation of either the size of shape of the anatomic part

Answer 24

What is distortion?

Question 25

Any unwanted image or object on a radiographic image

Answer 25

What is an artifact?

Question 26

Reduces patient exposure by limiting the exposure filed to the same size as the image receptor used

Answer 26

What is positive beam limitation?

Question 27

The ability of a grid to remove scatter increases as ________ increases

Answer 27

What is grid ratio?

Question 28

This results when imaging a thicker part of patient

Answer 28

What is an increase in scatter production ?

Question 29

The number of lead strips per inch

Answer 29

What is grid frequency?

Question 30

This beam restricting device has 2-3 sets of lead shutters

Answer 30

What is a collimator?

Question 31

When the part thickness exceeds 10 cm or over 60 kVp is being used

Answer 31

When should a grid be used?

Question 32

A smaller volume of tissue irradiated results in the decreased production of this

Answer 32

What is scatter?

Question 33

The height of the lead strips relative to the distance between the lead strips?

Answer 33

What is grid ratio?

Question 34

Decreasing collimation results in a ________ field size.

Answer 34

What is larger?

Question 35

The emission of light during x-ray stimulation only

Answer 35

What is fluorescence?

Question 36

The radiation and light sensitive layer of radiographic film

Answer 36

What is the emulsion layer?

Question 37

Barium fluorohalide with europium

Answer 37

What is the computed radiography phosphor layer?

Question 38

How often the analog signal is digitized

Answer 38

What is sampling frequency?

Question 39

Term used to describe the color of light to which a radiographic film is sensitive

Answer 39

What is spectral sensitivity?

Question 40

The physical imperfections in the emulsion layer of radiographic film

Answer 40

What are the sensitivity specks (gold-silver sulfide)?

Question 41

The time it takes for film to move through most automatic processors

Answer 41

What is 90 seconds?

Question 42

This image consists of electrons trapped in the phosphor layer

Answer 42

What is the CR latent image?

Question 43

The ability of the detector to accurately capture the variety of photon intensities in the remnant radiation

Answer 43

What is dynamic range?

Question 44

Collects, amplifies and converts visible light to an electrical signal

Answer 44

What is the photomultiplier tube?

Question 45

The CR System’s ability to display a range of shades of gray is determined by its:

Answer 45

What is pixel depth?

Question 46

The theory used to explain latent image production with film/screen radiography

Answer 46

What is the Gurney-Mott theory?

Question 47

Overexposing a digital image receptor may result in a quality image but this principle has not been followed

Answer 47

What is ALARA?

Question 48

The acronym for anatomically programmed radiography

Answer 48

What is APR?

Question 49

This should be established for each radiographic tube in the radiology department

Answer 49

What is a technique chart?

Question 50

The use of AEC eliminates the need for the radiographer to select this exposure factor

Answer 50

What is exposure time?

Question 51

This automatic exposure device works by using a gas-filled chamber

Answer 51

What is an ionization chamber?

Question 52

The automatic exposure device that works by converting x-ray photons first into light then into an electronic signal

Answer 52

What is a phototimer?

Question 53

This exposure factor will decrease when using AEC and patient thickness decreases.

Answer 53

What is exposure time?

Question 54

When using film/screen the area of interest will appear ______ if the detector is directly exposed to the primary beam

Answer 54

What is underexposed?

Question 55

Radiographers should pay attention to this when using AEC to help them set manual techniques when not using AEC

Answer 55

What is mAs readout?

Question 56

Occurs when doing an AP thoracic spine and the outside detectors are selected when using film/screen

Answer 56

What is insufficient density in the spine region?

Question 57

Accurate patient measurement is most critical when using this type of technique chart

Answer 57

What is the variable kVp, fixed mAs technique chart?

Question 58

The appropriate change in kVp when using a variable kVp-fixed mAs technique chart

Answer 58

What is 2 kVp for every 1cm change in tissue thickness?

Question 59

The most common cause for repeating images done with film-screen when using AEC

Answer 59

What is inaccurate positioning?

Question 60

Reducing repeat imaging due to technique error and in turn reduction of patient exposure

Answer 60

What is the purpose of a technique chart?

Question 61

Used to measure part thickness

Answer 61

What are calipers?

Question 62

An increase in window width will result in an image with ____________.

Answer 62

What is lower contrast?

Question 63

The two reducing agents found in developer solution

Answer 63

What are phenidone and hydroquinone?

Question 64

Based on the histogram analysis, consistent image brightness is accomplished through this

Answer 64

What is automatic rescaling?

Question 65

The Fuji exposure indicator (S number) has this type of relationship with exposure to the image receptor

Answer 65

What is inverse?

Question 66

The stage of film processing that converts the latent image to a manifest image

Answer 66

What is developing?

Question 67

The computer system designed to distribute, store and display digital images

Answer 67

What is PACS?

Question 68

Stage of processing where unexposed and undeveloped silver halides are removed from the film emulsion

Answer 68

What is fixing?

Question 69

Computer manipulations applies to digital images

Answer 69

What is digital image processing?

Question 70

This determines which values from the histogram analysis will be used in a digital image

Answer 70

What are the values of interest or VOI?

Question 71

The numerical value indicating the level of radiation exposure to the digital IR

Answer 71

What is the exposure indicator?

Question 72

The process of replacing chemicals with fresh chemicals in the automatic processor

Answer 72

What is replenishment?

Question 73

When an image is being viewed at a computer it is termed ____________

Answer 73

What is soft copy viewing?

Question 74

How noise is corrected on a fluoroscopic image

Answer 74

What is increasing the mA?

Question 75

This is used to link the output phosphor and camera or CCD

Answer 75

What is the fiberoptic bundle or optical lens system?