Final exam Flashcards by Michael Sokol

Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for oxygen in the arterial system

high

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Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for CO2 in the arterial system

low

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Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for phosphates in the arterial system

low

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Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for hydrogen in the arterial system

low

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Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for Chloride in the arterial system

low

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Hemoglobin has a ________ affinity for oxygen in the venous system

low

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Hemoglobin has a ________ affinity for CO2 in the venous system

high

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_________ transports oxygen from lung to the tissue

hemoglobin

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_______ is a protein that stores and transports oxygen in muscle tissue (skeletal and heart)

myoglobin

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Myoglobin binds and releases O2 based on

cellular O2 concentrations

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Myoglobin ______ upon muscle activation

desaturates

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Myoglobin ______ diffusion from capillaries to cytoplasm

increases

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Myoglobin is used in the conversion of _________ to ______ to enhance ___________

nitric oxide, nitrate, cellular respiration

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Ligands _____ to iron ion to stabilize charge and help to solubilize

bind/coordinate

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Ligands for iron are

electron-rich species (nonmetal or polyatomic ions)

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Iron has _______ coordination sites

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A heterocyclic macrocycle composed of four modified pyrrole subunits connected by carbon bridges

Polyphyrins

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Polyphyrins are conjugated ________ compounds

aromatic

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Inactive protein is called a ______

Apoprotein

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Apoproteins make heme more ______

water soluble

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myoglobin is a ________ heme protein

monomeric

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hemoglobin is a _______

tetramer

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hemoglobin has a total of ______ subunits, 2 ____ and 2 ______

4, 2 alpha and 2 beta

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fetal hemoglobin has 2 alpha subunits but the beta subunits are replaced by _____

gamma

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bodies will produce fetal hemoglobin until _______ of age

6 months

fetal hemoglobin has a ________ affinity for oxygen compared to adult hemoglobin

higher

Standard units for Temp

Kelvin = C + 273.15

Standard units for pressure

Atmospheres (atm) 1atm= 760mmHg, 1.01325 bar, 101,325 Pa, 101.325 kPa

At standard temp and pressure, one mol of gas occupies ______ L

22.4 L

gas constant R value

0.08206 L * atm/ mol * K

The type of compound that is most likely to contain a covalent bond is ________.

one composed of only nonmetals

AX2 geometry

linear, 180

AX3 geometry

trigonal planar, 120

AX4 geometry

tetrahedral, 109.5

AX5 geometry

trigonal bipyramidal, 180, 120, 90

AX6 geometry

octahedral, 180, 90

AX2E geometry

bent, <120

AX3E geometry

trigonal pyramidal, <109.5

AX2E2 geometry

bent, <109.5

AX4E geometry

see-saw, 180, 90

AX3E2 geometry

T-shape, 180,90

AX2E3 geometry

linear, 180

AX5E

square pyramidal, 180, 90

AX4E2 geometry

square planar, 180, 90

Rank of strength of intermolecular forces

Ion-ion > ion-dipole > Hydrogen > dipole-dipole > van der waals

Buffers can contain a weak acid and __________

conjugate base

Buffers can contain a weak base and its _________

conjugate acid

Buffers have a limit called _________ of how much additional acid or base can be added

buffer capacity

_______ is a proton donor

BL acid

________ is a proton acceptor

BL base

electron donor

lewis base

electron acceptor

lewis acid

what is the purpose of a cofactor

binds to enzymes to promote enzymatic processes

Aldehyde

Ketone

Ester

Amide

Carboxylic Acid

Isopropyl

t-butyl

sec-butyl

isobutyl

Z – stereoisomer

If the priority groups are on the same side

E – stereoisomer

If the priority groups are on opposite sides

Enantiomers

- May have one or more stereocenters - All stereocenters must be switched between two structures - Have all the same physical properties except optical rotation

Diastereomers

- Must have a minimum of two stereocenters - Must have at least one stereocenter remain the same - Completely different physical properties

anisole

aniline

phenol

styrene

toluene

cumene

1-3

Final exam Flashcards

(109 cards)