Module 4 - Intermolecular Forces

Question 1

Very strong, specialized dipole-dipole interaction

Answer 1

Hydrogen Bonding

Question 2

What are the strongest hydrogen bonds?

Answer 2

[X—H - - - :Y] strongest when X and Y are N, O, and F

Question 3

H bond donor vs acceptor

Answer 3

H-bond donors → molecule providing the hydrogen
H-bond acceptor → molecule that attracts the hydrogen

Question 4

Very strong interaction between a full formal charge and a dipole

Answer 4

Ion-Dipole

Question 5

Ion-Dipole depends on the

Answer 5

strength of the dipole

Question 6

Interaction that allows us to dissolve ionic compounds in water

Answer 6

Ion-Dipole

Question 7

Ionic interactions between a cationic portion and anionic portion

Answer 7

Electrostatic Interactions

Question 8

Electrostatic Interactions can be effective at _____ distances and persist _____ than other types of interactions

Answer 8

Farther, longer

Question 9

Covalent bonds are _____molecular interactions

Answer 9

INTRA

Question 10

Covalent bonds are the _____ interaction

Answer 10

Strongest - limited reversibility; seldom formed

Question 11

List the intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength

Answer 11

Van der Waals (London Dispersion) Forces
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Hydrogen Bonding
Ion-Dipole
Electrostatic Interactions
Covalent Bonds - INTRAmolecular

Question 12

The intermolecular force that occurs in all polar molecules

Answer 12

Dipole-dipole

Question 13

Dipole-dipole interaction strength depends on ______

Answer 13

Electronegativity - C-O stronger than C-Br

Question 14

Interaction arising from the formation of induced dipoles between two non-polar molecules (or portions of molecules)

Answer 14

van der Waals (London Dispersion) Forces

Question 15

What is the weakest intermolecular force?

Answer 15

van der Waals (London Dispersion) Forces

Question 16

Water is both an ____ and a _____, depends on situation

Answer 16

H-bond acceptor and donor

Question 17

What is the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?

Answer 17

Intermolecular - between
Intramolecular - within

Question 18

Define intermolecular forces

Answer 18

Force of attraction that occurs between atoms, molecules, and ions due to their proximity in space to each other

Question 19

Intermolecular forces are _____ than intramolecular forces

Answer 19

Weaker

Question 20

Due to large number of interactions, intermolecular forces appear stronger -

Answer 20

but not actually stronger in reality

Question 21

The magnitude of _____ (real or partial) affects the strength of the attraction

Answer 21

charge - based on electron density

Question 22

The stronger the attractive forces between the particles, the more they

Answer 22

resist moving or breaking apart

Question 23

How does distance impact intermolecular forces?

Answer 23

Distance between species affects the strength of the attraction
Closer = stronger

Question 24

Define polarity

Answer 24

Separation of electric charge along a bond due to differences in the electronegativity of the bonded atoms - electron density not equally shared, creating partial (+) and (-)

Question 25

What are the non-polar bonds?

Answer 25

C-C and C-H

Question 26

Polarity is referred to as

Answer 26

electric dipole or dipole moment

Question 27

The are the 6 applications of intermolecular forces

Answer 27

Surface tension Capillary action Viscosity Receptor-drug binding Phase changes Solubility

Question 28

Define solubility

Answer 28

The ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance (referred to as the solute) to dissolve in solvent (usually a liquid) and form a solution

Question 29

Substances with similar _____ will be soluble (solid in liquid) or miscible (liquid in liquid)

Answer 29

polarity –> “like dissolves like”

Question 30

Representation of the changes in the phase of a substance with respect to temperature and pressure

Answer 30

Phase changes

Question 31

_______ is required to disrupt molecular interactions and thus lead to changes in the states of matter.

Answer 31

Energy

Question 32

Changes in phase ______ break chemical bonds

Answer 32

do not

Question 33

Water boils at a ____ temperature in Denver due to pressure changes

Answer 33

Lower - need longer cooking times

Question 34

The vast majority of drug compounds bind to receptors through ________ rather than through the _______

Answer 34

intermolecular forces formation of chemical bonds

Question 35

What determines properties such as efficacy, potency, and, to a limited extent, toxicity?

Answer 35

Receptor-drug binding intermolecular forces

Question 36

Measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow

Answer 36

Viscocity - The amount of energy necessary to move an object through a fluid

Question 37

The spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube or the movement of a liquid up a piece of paper against the pull of gravity

Answer 37

Capillary Action

Question 38

Capillary action is the result of _____ and _____ forces

Answer 38

cohesive (hold the liquid molecules together) adhesive (attraction of the outer molecules to the container’s surface)

Question 39

Why are aneurysms dangerous? Which application of intermolecular forces dose this relate to?

Answer 39

Aneurysm: weakening of vessels - danger is rupture Capillary action - Blood travels differently through different shapes

Question 40

Liquid’s resistance to increase its surface area

Answer 40

Surface Tension

Question 41

To minimize surface area, liquids form _______

Answer 41

spherical drops

Question 42

The stronger the intermolecular forces, the more ______ required to increase the surface area

Answer 42

energy

Question 43

How many drops of water can you put on a penny? How?

Answer 43

100, surface tension