final exam Flashcards
(53 cards)
who picks the president if there is a tie in the electoral college or no candidate wins 270 votes?
The House in Congress has to make a revote, and with that decision is the new president.
During what time periods and under which Supreme Court chief justices did the Supreme Court lean more liberal and lean more conservative? (looking at 1950s to present day)
The Warren Court was the most liberal, focusing on civil rights and activism.
All the courts after the warren court, such as roberts court are more conservative because they have been reforming previous acts such as abortion and gun control.
Define single member plurality districts and the consequence of these on 3rd parties.
When there is only one representative of multiple districts, which causes all of those districts to have one single party. It doesn’t allow for third parties to arise in the representation, they are cleared out.
Define frontloading and provide a real example of frontloading.
When a state pushes their primaries to the start of the election year to be first and gain most media attention, they have the most influence.
Example: Iowa always pushes to have the first primary to have the most influence on the election, through caucuses.
Define pork barrel and provide a real example of pork barrel spending.
When a congressional member adds legislation to benefit their representative district/state to help them with reelection.
Example: The Bridge to Nowhere in Alaska
List 2 ways Congress can influence the judiciary/judicial branch.
They can pass new legislation to overturn a decision they made
Change the number of justices on the court
What economic philosophy do conservatives tend to follow and what philosophy do liberals tend to follow? Be able to define each economic philosophy.
Supply side economics (to fix the economy in a recession, the government cuts taxes so that businesses can grow and taxpayers to spend more money) - conservatives
Keynesian economics (to fix the economy in a recession, the government spends more money to encourage more economic activity) - liberals
How has social media changed the way the President relates/responds to the public about important issues?
Social media has allowed for faster connections to the public. So the president posts about issues, events, and opinions on social media to grab attention and place his agenda.
Review all the amendments that relate to the Presidency - 12, 20, 22, and 25
12th - president and vice president are voted on the same ticket
20th - inauguration day moved to January 20th
22nd - president’s limit on two terms
25th - line of succession for the presidency
What is the difference between enumerated powers and implied powers and provide 2 examples of enumerated powers and 2 examples of implied powers.
Enumerated powers: written directly in the Constitution (declare war, coin money, tax)
Implied powers: granted based on the needed expansion to make the enumerated powers work, not written in the constitution (executive orders, buying territory, education, voting)
Define logrolling in Congress.
When a congressional member says they will trade their vote, they vote in favor of the other member’s bill for a vote on their bill.
List and define the 3 models of decision making in Congress.
Delegate model: votes for what the constituents want, regardless of what they believe in
Trustee model: votes for what they believe in, regardless of what the constituents want
Politico model: can be either a trustee or a delegate
Define the difference between executive agreements, executive orders, and executive privileges. Know examples of all 3.
Executive agreements: a treaty made by the president with a foreign country without the need of Senate approval
Executive privilege: when the president has the power to withhold information from the public if it impacts national security
Executive order: an order by the president to take action in the government without the need of Congress approval
What is the difference between marble cake/cooperative Federalism and Dual federalism/layer cake federalism?
Cooperative Federalism: when national and state governments work together on similar powers and issues
Dual Federalism: when national and state governments each have their own role and don’t intervene with each others power and role on issues
List 3 philosophical concepts John Locke wrote about that influenced Thomas Jeffersnons writing of the DOI.
Natural rights
Popular sovereignty
Social contract
How does Congress check the federal bureaucracy?
Through congressional oversight, they hold hearings to check the activity of all the bureaucracy to make sure it’s constitutional.
List the 5 functions of the federal bureaucracy.
Implement the law
Administer the law
Policy making
Regulation
Data collection and analysis
Review all 15 of your required cases and remember the clause or amendment or constitutional principle that goes with each.
McCulloch v. Maryland - Supremacy Clause/Necessary and Proper Clause
Marbury v. Madison - Judicial Review (Article III)
US v. Lopez - Commerce Clause
Schenck v. US - 1st Amendment (Freedom of Speech)
NY Times Co v. US - 1st Amendment (Freedom of Press)
Tinker v. Des Moines - 1st Amendment (Freedom of Speech, symbolic speech)
Baker v. Carr - 14th amendment (Equal Protection Clause)
Shaw v. Reno - 14th amendment (Equal Protection Clause)
Brown v. Board - 14th amendment (Equal Protection Clause)
Roe v. Wade - 14th amendment (Due Process Clause)
Engel v. Vitale - 1st amendment (Establishment Clause)
Wisconsin v. Yoder - 1st amendment (Free Exercise Clause)
Gideon v. Wainwright - 6th amendment (Right to counsel)
McDonald v. Chicago - 2nd amendment, 14th amendment (Due Process Clause)
Citizens v. FEC - 1st amendment (Freedom of speech)
3 ways the Federal Reserve adjust the economy or Federal Reserve tools.
Change reserve requirements
Change discount rate/federal funds rate
Buy or sell bonds
3 ways Fiscal policy adjust the economy and who controls fiscal policy?
Change government spending
Change personal income taxes
Change transfer payments
Controlled by Congress and Executive branch
Review how conservatives, liberals, and libertarians view various issues in society like taxation, order vs. liberty, and values.
Conservatives: low taxes, more order and less government intervention, school vouchers for private schools, more police and punishment for crimes, more defense spending
Liberals: high taxes on the wealthy, more liberty and more government intervention, no school vouchers, more public schools, protecting the rights of the accused, less defense spending
Libertarians: no government intervention, no taxes, full independence for individuals, social liberty, no spending on defense, decriminalization of victimless crimes, protecting the rights of the accused
What are the 5 things that make an accurate poll (not looking for no double negatives or details about wording)?
Random sampling, stratified sampling, representative sampling, low margin of error, unbiased and unambiguous, large sample size
Review the Bill of Rights - matching section on exam
1st - freedom of speech, religion, petition, press, assembly
2nd - right to bear arms
3rd - no quartering of troops
4th - no search and seizure without a warrant
5th - no double jeopardy, eminent domain, no self incrimination, due process
6th - right to speedy and public trial, habeas corpus, cross examine witnesses
7th - right to a civil jury when cases over $20
8th - no cruel or unusual punishments
9th - implied rights
10th - reserved rights
List the 6 steps in the Public Policy Making System.
Problem Identification
Agenda Setting
Policy Formulation
Policy Adoption
Policy Implementation
Policy Evaluation
