Final Exam Flashcards
(118 cards)
Research indicates that children’s feelings of autonomy from peers are likely to be at their lowest point for which of the following age groups?
a. 5th grade
b. 6th grade
c. autonomy from peers does not change from 5th through 8th grades
d. 8th grade
8th grade
Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with positive outcomes in psychosocial development and school achievement for adolescents?
a. neglecting or dismissive
b. permissive or indulgent
c. authoritative
d. authoritarian
authoritative
When Marla, age 14, decides that she is a good writer because she gets better grades than her friend Jenna on stories she writes for English, she is demonstrating the use of
a. attribute substitution with peers
b. normative crisis management with peers
c. emotional autonomy from peers
d. social comparison with peers
social comparison with peers
For an adolescent engaging in risky behavior (e.g alcohol use), one strategy that counselors can use is to introduce dissonance into the discussion. Before a counselor can do so effectively, she must
a. determine the extent of deviant behavior the adolescent has engaged in
b. establish a reward system for good behavior
c. provide factual lectures on the risks of alcohol use
d. interview the teen about his or her own current beliefs and expectations
interview the teen about his or her own current beliefs and expectations
Participation in after-school activities sponsored by school or community organizations
a. unrelated to academic achievement
b. positively related to competence but detrimental to academic achievement
c. positively related to academic achievement
d. detrimental to academic achievement
positively related to academic achievement
What kind of peer intervention is least likely to be helpful to troubled teens?
a. encouraging school-wide programs that break down barriers between groups
b. moving troubled teens to a new school so that they are separated from at-risk peers.
c. peer mediation and peer counseling
d. bringing peers into therapy with the client
moving troubled teens to a new school so that they are separated from at-risk peers.
Studies of American schools indicate that as children move out of elementary school into middle and junior high schools, instructional practices are characterized more by
a. a greater sense of community and caring
b. emphasis on cooperative learning rather than competition
c. emphasis on discipline and teacher control
d. closer contact with teachers and other staff
emphasis on discipline and teacher control
Jacob, age 13, gets a laugh from the whole school orchestra when he imitates the music teacher, who is out of the room. The next day, Jacob’s friend Brad boasts at lunch that “Jacob and I really got a laugh out of the orchestra at practice yesterday. Brad is identifying with Jacob and appropriating Jacob’s accomplishment as his own. This example illustrates on kind of
a. emotional autonomy
b. social comparison
c. normative crisis management
d. attribution substitution
attribution substitution
When peers and parents both support academics, adolescents tend to be successful students. When peers and parents are at odds on the importance or value of academics, which of the following is most often true according to research?
a. there is no systematic relationship, sometimes peers are more influential, sometimes parents
b. peers’ attitudes are likely to have the most influence on the adolescent’s academic performance
c. parents’ attitudes have more influence only when parents are warm and permissive
d. parents’ attitudes will always have the most influence on their adolescent child’s academic performance
peers’ attitudes are likely to have the most influence on the adolescent’s academic performance
What is the “two pronged approach” to helping adolescents with their behavioral, social, or academic problems?
a. a focus on both parents and the individual
b. a focus on both peers and the school environment
c. a focus on reducing risk factors while also enhancing protective factors
d. the use of both medication and individual therapy
a focus on reducing risk factors while also enhancing protective factors
It’s a typical day or Tessa, a counselor who works with teenagers. Marcus explains to her that he came to school high on drugs because he can get away with it. He believes his teachers are clueless when it comes to spotting kids on drugs. Which form of adolescent egocentrism might Elkind use to describe Marcus’ view of the world?
a. personal egocentrism
b. imaginary fable
c. personal audience
d. invincibility fable
invincibility fable
Which of the following most accurately reflects Erikson’s view of identity?
a. identity provides a foundation for making mature commitments to adult roles and belief systems.
b. people must go through a traumatic crisis in order to have a solid identity
c. identity begins to develop in adolescence and must be fully resolved before the next stage of psychosocial development can begin.
d. one’s identity provides the answer to the question “Who am I?”
identity provides a foundation for making mature commitments to adult roles and belief systems.
Which sequence of sexual activity is related to increased likelihood of teen pregnancy?
a. masturbation before vaginal sex
b. vaginal sex before oral-genital contact
c. vaginal sex before masterbation
d. oral-genital contact before vaginal sex
vaginal sex before oral-genital contact
Which of these statements reflect findings from research on gender differences in identity formation?
a. females focus on establishing intimacy before they focus on the construction of identity
b. both males and females focus on the construction of an identity and the establishment of intimacy simultaneously.
c. both males and females focus on constructing an identity and the establishment of intimacy
d. males focus on establishing intimacy before they focus on the construction of identity
both males and females focus on the construction of an identity and the establishment of intimacy simultaneously.
According to Erikson, what are the processes involved int he development of identity?
a. exploration and moratorium
b. foreclosure and achievement
c. exploration and commitment
d. diffusion and commitment
exploration and commitment
Which group lists the Identity Status?
a. Primary sexual characteristics, secondary sexual characteristics
b. homosexuality, heterosexuality, and bisexuality
c. imaginary, personal, invincibility
d. diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, and achievement
diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, and achievement
Which of the following was NOT associated with early maturation in girls?
a. target of teasing
b. violence and aggression
c. greater depressive symptoms
d. sexual intercourse earlier
violence and aggression
Which is more important for women’s development than men’s?
a. there are no differences
b. autonomy
c. religious beliefs
d. interpersonal domains
interpersonal domains
Which identify status is marked by exploration and commitment?
a. conferred identity
b. constructed identity
c. foreclosure
d. achievement
achievement
Which eating disorder has the highest mortality rate?
a. binge eating disorder
b. overeating
c. bulimia nervosa
d. anorexia nervosa
anorexia nervosa
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing fetus?
a. A teratogen will usually have the same effect regardless of how much exposure the fetus has to that teratogen
b. ancient Greeks believed in teratogens, but modern science has been unable to identify any
c. the kind of damage done depends on the stage of development during exposure
d. any given teratogen usually has the same effect of when in prenatal development exposure occurs
the kind of damage done depends on the stage of development during exposure
Stage theories of development typically describe ____ changes in behavior, cognition, or social relationships
a. cumulative
b. quantitative
c. incremental
d. qualitative
qualitative
Myelinnization is the process which involves
a. development of the nuclei of the brain
b. coating the axon with a fatty sheath that improves conduction of electrical impulses
c. separating the left and right hemispheres of the cortex
d. neurons migrating to the temporal lobes
coating the axon with a fatty sheath that improves conduction of electrical impulses
For the most mental illnesses and behavioral disorers, like alcoholisma dn clinical depression, the genetic contribution can best be described as
a. the result of a dominant, defective gene
b. the result of a single gene mutation
c. the result of a pair of recessive, defective genes
d. polygenic
the result of a pair of recessive, defective genes