final exam - don't know yet Flashcards
(45 cards)
1
Q
Empiricism
A
- using evidence to prove a hypothesis not making conditions without evidence
2
Q
self correcting
A
a process in which scientists
- make there research available for peer review, replication and critique, with the goal of identifying errors
3
Q
Applied Research
A
- research deals with a specific issue/scenario
- research is conducted in local, real world context
GOAl - soloution for a real world problem
4
Q
translational research
A
- bridge between applied and translational research
- use of basic research to develop and test application
5
Q
empirical journal article
A
- report for the 1st time of an empirical study
-contains details about the studys results and methods
6
Q
review journal article
A
- summarize and integrate all the published studies that have been done in one body of research
7
Q
effect size
A
magnitude
- shows the strength b/w 2 variables
8
Q
disinformation
A
- deliberate creation and sharing of false info
- comes in many forms
9
Q
construct
A
- explanation of a concept
- which is going to be operationalized
10
Q
correlational study
A
- 2 variables
- variables measured
- association tested
11
Q
causal claim
A
argues that one variable is responsible for changing another
12
Q
validity
A
is a claim valid?
- appropriateness of a claim
13
Q
point estimate
A
- a single estimate of some population value based on data sequence
14
Q
principle of respect for others
A
- individuals in research should be treated as autonomous agents
- each participant is entitled to informed consent
15
Q
principle of beneficience
A
- researchers take precautions to protect participants from harme
- asess risks and benefits
16
Q
principle of justice
A
fair balance between kind of people who benefit and participants
17
Q
deception
A
- purposefully lying
- leaving out details - deception by omission
-lying = deception by commission
18
Q
reliability
A
- how consistent results of a measure are
- test retest reliability
- interrater reliability
- internal reliability
19
Q
average inter - item correlation (AIC)
A
- average of all correlations
- between of 0.15 - 0.50 - go well together
20
Q
cronbach’s alpha
A
- mathematically combines the AIC and the number of items in scale
- closer to 1.0 more reliable
21
Q
face validity
A
- does it measure what is says it does?
22
Q
content validity
A
does it capture all parts of the construct
23
Q
criterion validity
A
- is the measure associated with concrete behavioral outcome
24
Q
effect size
A
- magnitude
- strength of relationship
25
directionality problem
- temporal precedence sometimes called this
- don't know what is first - problematic
26
moderator
- a variable depending on its level, changes the relationship between two other variables
27
comparison group
- a group in an experiment, level on iV, differ from treatment in some meaningful way
28
control group
- neutral condition, intended to represent, no treatment
29
selection effect
- types of participants in each group, systematically different
- ex = men in only one group and women in another group
30
parsimony
- degree to which a scientific theory provides simplest explanation to a theory
31
mediator
- variable that explains relationship between 2 variables
32
main effect
overall effect of one IV on the dependent variable
- also number of independent variables is the number of main effects
33
marginal means
- arithmetic means for each level of an IV
34
multistage sampling
- two random samples are selected, a random sample of groups, and then pick a certain amount from that grou
= ex HS in PA, select 100 HS, pick 10 students from each HS
35
Stratified sampling
- researcher purposefully selects particular demographic categories, OR STRATAS, and then randomly selects individuals within each of the groups, proportionate to assumed membership of population
36
meta analysis
A way of mathematically averaging the effect sizes of all the studies that have tested the same variable to see what conclusions that whole body of evidence support
37
file drawer problem
Idea that meta analysis may be overestimating the true size of an effect because negligible effects or even opposite effects, have not been included in the process
38
HARKing
Hypothesizing after the results are known
A questionable research practice in which researchers create an after the fact hypothesis about an unexpected research result, making it appear as if they predicted it all along
39
p hacking
A family of questionable data analysis technique such as adding participants after the results are initially analyzed, looking for outliers, or trying new analyses in order to obtain a p value lower than 0.05
40
ecological validity
A study’s similarity to real word contexts
External validity
41
theory testing mode
A researchers intent for a study, testing association claims or causal claims to investigate support for a theory
42
generalization mode
The intent of researchers to generalize the findings from the samples and procedures in there studies to other populations or contexts
43
cultural psychology
Subdiscipline of psychology focusing on how cultural contexts shape the way a person thinks, feels and behaves
44
Field setting
A real world setting for a research study
45
experimental realism
The extent to which a laboratory experiment is designed so that participants experience authentic emotions, motivation and behaviors
