Final Exam - Quiz 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a scientific name and what are the rules about writing one?
A
- A scientific name is the formal system of giving species of organisms a name composed of two parts.
- There are two major rules about scientific names. The genus name is always capitalized, while the species name is not. Additionally, when typed, the entire scientific name should be italicized, and if written, it should be underlined.
Ex.) Canis lupus
2
Q
Who is the Father of Taxonomy?
A
Carolus Linnaeus
3
Q
What are the eight levels of classification in order from largest to smallest?
A
- Domains
- Kingdoms
- Phyla
- Classes
- Orders
- Families
- Genera
- Species
Do Kids Prefer Candy Over Fresh Green Salad?
4
Q
What are the three domains?
A
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
5
Q
What are the four kingdoms of the domain Eukarya?
A
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
6
Q
What types of plants are nonvascular?
A
- Mosses
- Liverworts
- Hornworts
(no roots, stems, or leaves)
7
Q
What is the composition of a virus particle?
A
The center of a virus has nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) and the virus particle is surrounded by a protein coat
8
Q
What is a whip-like tail called?
A
flagellum
9
Q
What do scientists believe all plants originated from?
A
green algae
10
Q
What is the difference between plant fertilization and pollination?
A
- Pollination - Pollen is carried from anther to stigma
- Fertilization - Sperm fuses with egg in ovule and creates a seed
11
Q
After being provided the characteristics, name the kingdom:
- Odd organisms
- Some make their own food, some hunt, and some absorb it
- Single celled
A
protist
12
Q
Fill in the blanks:
Some characteristics of fungi are:
* They absorb food
* They contain ________ (cell wall)
A
chitin
13
Q
List some characteristics of the plant kingdom.
A
- Make their own food
- Cellulose (cell wall)
14
Q
True or false? If false, correct the statement:
Members of the animal kingdom hunt for their food.
A
True
15
Q
Answer the question with the best available option:
What kingdom contains sense organs?
A. Protista
B. Fungi
C. Plantae
D. Animalia
A
D. Animalia
16
Q
Fill in the blank:
Animals contain many _____________ systems.
A
specialized
17
Q
What three environments do archaea like to live in?
A
- Salty - Yellow Stone, Dead Sea
- Heat - volcano, hot geyser
- Methane - swamp, cow intestines
18
Q
How do bacteria reproduce?
A
through the process of binary fission
19
Q
What are the cell walls of fungus made of?
A
chitin
pronounced kite-in
20
Q
What are some examples of fossils?
A
- Petrified wood
- Entire organisms preserved in ice, tar, or amber (resin)
- Molds, casts, or stone imprints
21
Q
Provide the definition of the term:
endospore
A
a thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions
22
Q
What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?
A
- Heterotrophs - consumer (humans)
- Autotrophs - producers (plants)
23
Q
What are the three shapes of bacteria?
A
- cocci - round
- bactilli - rodlike
- spirilla - spiral (cork screw)
24
Q
What are four shapes of viruses?
A
- Spherical
- Cylinder or rod
- Crystal or soccer ball
- “Space ship”
25
Is strep throat caused by a bacteria or virus?
bacteria
## Footnote
"Strep" throat is short for streptococcus, which is a name given to bacterial pathogens
26
# What do all of the listen have in common:
* AIDS
* measles
* hepatitis
they are all viruses
27
Who made the first vaccine?
Edward Jenner
28
# Answer the question with the best available option:
What is another name for a decomposer?
**A.** producer
**B.** gymnosperm
**C.** angiosperm
**D.** saprophyte
D. saprophyte
29
What are angiosperms?
Plants that make flowers and contain seeds in fruits
30
# Fill in the blanks:
There are _________ and _______ angiosperms.
monocot, dicot
31
Give three examples of angiosperms.
1. tulip
2. orchid
3. apple tree
32
What are gymnosperms?
plants that make seeds in cones, and contain needles for leaves
33
# Answer the question with the best available option:
What is the most common type of gymnosperm in this area?
**A.** ginkgoe
**B.** cycad
**C.** conifer
**D.** all of the above
C. conifer
34
What is the job of the vertebral column?
to protect the spinal cord
35
What are some ways you can prevent the spread of bacteria?
* wash hands with soap and hot water
* disinfectants
* antibiotics
* antiseptics
* pasteurization
36
What does Staph mean?
cluster
37
What does Strepto mean?
chain
38
What is nitrogen fixation?
when bacteria changes nitrogen into a useable form for plants
39
What are some everyday products that are made with the help of red and brown algae?
* pudding
* ice cream
* toothpaste
* marshmallow
## Footnote
Red and brown algae helps to hold these products together and give them the right consistency
40
# After being provided the definition, name the term:
an aid used to identify organisms - based on a series of questions
dichotomous key
41
What is a fossil?
a preserved trace of once-living organisms
42
What are the products of photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 + O2
43
What are three examples of vascular, spore forming plants?
1. Ferns
2. Horsetails
3. Club moss
44
Where is pollen made?
in the anthers
45
What will the ripened ovary of a plant become?
a fruit
46
What is the most general division of a plant?
nonvascular v. vascular
47
# True or false? If false, correct the statement:
Transpiration is when plants release water vapor, it is also their version of sweating (via the stomata).
True
48
What are the three main things that plants need to live?
1. oxygen
2. carbon dioxide
3. water
49
What layer of this leaf has been removed?
Upper epidermis
50
Palisade layer
51
Spongy layer
52
What are the functions of roots?
* supply plants with water and disolve nutrients
* hold plants securely in soil
* store surplus food
53
What are the functions of stems?
* support the plant body
* transport material between roots and shoots
* store materials like water
54
What is the main function of a leaf?
to make food through the process of photosynthesis
55
What do the guard cells do?
they open and close the stoma
56
Where does photosynthesis occur?
## Footnote
be as specific as possible
in the grana of the chloroplasts, which are found in the palisade layer
57
Where does cellular respiration occur?
in the cristae of the mitochondria
58
What is the formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O + ENERGY (ATP)
## Footnote
Every time cellular respiration occurs, 38 units of ATP are created.
59
What do a fern and a daffodil have in common?
they are both vascular plants
## Footnote
A fern is a seedless plant, while a daffodil, being a flowering plant, is an angiosperm, so it's a seed plant. This means that the only category they have in common is that they are both vascular.
60
What is phototropism?
when plants respond to light
61
What are ligaments?
connective tissues that connects bone to bone
62
Ankle, wrists, and vertebraes are all example of what joint?
gliding
63
How many bones are in an adult human?
206
64
# Answer the question with the best available option:
What is the longest bone in the human body?
**A.** patella
**B.** femur
**C.** fibia
**D.** cranium
B. femur
65
Which joint moves in a rotating cup?
ball-and-socket
66
What is the hard, yellowish part of the bone that reduces friction?
Cartilage
67
# True or false? If false, correct the statement:
The periosteum is a very thin membrane that covers/protects the bone.
True
68
The _________ area of the bone is very rigid and dense. It is where the two types of bone ________ are found.
compact, marrow
69
Why is the spongy area of the bone important?
It gives the bone extra strength by providing it with a bit of flexibility
70
What part of the blood helps to attract and carry oxygen?
red blood cells, with the aid of hemoglobin
71
What are the four chambers of the heart?
1. Right atrium
2. Right ventricle
3. Left atrium
4. Left ventricle
72
Where is the pulmonary vein in a heart diagram? What does this vein do?
The pulmonary vein is located on the left side of the heart. It returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, so to locate it, you should look for the vessel entering the left atrium.
73
# Fill in the blanks:
In Mendelian punnett squares, there are ___________ letters that represent dominant alleles, and ___________ letters that represent recessive alleles.
uppercase, lowercase
74
# Create a mendelian punnett square, and list the genotypes + phenotypes:
Homo recessive
x
Heterozygous
## Footnote
brown - dominant (A)
green - recessive (a)
* **_Genotype_** - half of the offspring will have Aa, while the other half will have aa
* **_Phenotype_** - half of the offspring will have brown eyes, while the other half will have green
75
List two major rules in co-dominance.
1. All letters are capital
2. Both colors are visible in the phenotype
76
# Create a codominance square, and answer the question after:
Heterozygous
x
Homo recessive
What is the chance of having a brown cow?
## Footnote
brown - dominant (B)
white - recessive (W)
zero percent chance
77
# After being provided the rules, name what the punnett square type is:
* All letters are capital
* Mix or blend together to form a _new_ color
Incomplete dominance
78
# Create an incomplete dominance square, and answer the question after:
Heterozygous
x
Homo dominant
What percentage of offspring have pink?
## Footnote
red - dominant (R)
white - recessive (W)
50%
79
What are the rules for sex-linked disorder punnett squares?
* Use X and Y to represent the sex chromosomes
* If a sex chromosome is damaged, you put a dot above the chromosome, like an exponent
80
# Create a sex-linked disorder square, and answer the question after:
Mom is a carrier
x
Dad is unaffected
What's the chance of males getting the disease?
50%
81
# True or false? If false, correct the statement:
Men cannot carry sex-linked disorders.
True
82
# FIll in the blank:
There are _______ alleles for blood type, also known as multiple alleles.
three
83
Fill in the chart with the correct information.
84
# Match the correct blood types with the descriptions:
* Heterozygous A
* Heterozygous B
* Homozygous A
* Homozygous B
## Footnote
word bank: AA, BB, BO, AO
* AO
* BO
* AA
* BB
85
# Create a blood type square, and answer the question after:
Homozygous A
x
Heterozygous B
Can you list the phenotypes and genotypes?
* **_Genotype_** - 50% AB, 50% AO
* **_Phenotype_** - 50% AB, 50% A
