final hbod2 - endocrine LAB Flashcards
(45 cards)
increase blood glucose causes increase glucose uptake by what cells
BETA
ATP production increases increase glucose causes increase ATP production which
K+ ATP dependant channels close from being open at rest, build up up positive charge
build up of charge from trapped K+ causes
opening of VG Ca2+ channels , letting Ca2+ into the cell, causes exocytosis of granules containing insulin
Type 1 diabetes is likely caused by a _, type 2 caused by _
virus, lifestyle
hyperglycemia can be an effect of both T1 and T2 diabetes
true dawg
fasting blood glucose test
blood test performed after fasting, less than 100 is normal, 100-125 is prediabetic, 125+ is diabetic
A1C test
doesn’t require fasting, reveals blood glucose level for the past 3 months
A1C test measures
percentage of glucose attached to hemoglobin in erythrocytes
T1 diabetes
insulin dependant, juvenile, absent or greatly diminished production of insulin by beta cells, often viral infection
T2 diabetes
results from decreased insulin release by pancreatic beta cells or issues with insulin binding at cell level
diabetes increased blood sugar, how does this affect glucose in ECF
glucose will diffuse to areas of low concentrations such as the skin, ECF will have high glucose
how do glucose levels effect the ability of bacteria or fungi to grow
bacteria/fungi love sugar/glucose to grow
how is cause for T2 different from T1
T2 is environmental
the renal artery recieves blood from the _ while the renal vein delivers blood back to the _
abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava
Blood pressure in renal artery is _ because
90mmHg high pressure for filtration, and it is coming off the aorta
renal columns separate
renal pyramids
what processes are responsible for causing urine to drain from kidneys to bladder
gravity and peristalsis
if urine draining processes dont work properly, this can cause
hydronephrosis, water in kidney, or kidney infection
which urethral sphincters are in/voluntary?
internal is involuntary, external is voluntary
unusually large volumes of urine can indicate
diabetes, Cushings(increased secretion of ACTH and cortisol elevating glucose levels, diuretics, cold temps
elevated blood glucose can cause elevated
glucose in urine
low osmolality urine means a person’s is
overly hydrated
diuretics effect the blood osmolality how?
reduce sodium and water reabsorption into the blood, causing more urine to be produced
you find blood and large proteins in urine, what could be the cause of this?
glomerulus functions to be a barrier for large molecules, so this could be damaged.
