hbod2test3LAB

Question 1

blood elements are all formed where

Answer 1

bone marrow, Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 2

eukaryotes do not contain organelles, leukocytes do and are classified into granular and agranular. Granules are:

Answer 2

small sacs containing different compounds: enzymes, oxidants, histamines

Question 3

increased erythrocytes can increase

Answer 3

blood oxygen delivery, RBC ratio in blood

Question 4

identify granulocyte/agranulocyte

Answer 4

and maybe types of them…

Question 5

can mature erythrocytes produce new proteins?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

can mature erythrocytes undergo mitosis

Answer 6

no, no nucleus

Question 7

can mature erythrocytes produce ATP

Answer 7

yes through anaerobic glycolysis

Question 8

What blood types can be received by type A

Answer 8

A, O

Question 9

What blood types can be received by type B

Answer 9

B, O

Question 10

What blood types can be recieved by blood type AB

Answer 10

A, B, AB, O

Question 11

Type O can receive which blood type(s)

Answer 11

only O

Question 12

type A blood contains what surface cell antigens

Answer 12

A

Question 13

type A blood contains what antibodies in the blood

Answer 13

B

Question 14

type B contains what surface cell antigens

Answer 14

B

Question 15

type B contains which antibodies in blood

Answer 15

A

Question 16

type AB contains which surface antigens

Answer 16

A and B both

Question 17

type AB has what antibodies in its blood

Answer 17

None

Question 18

type O has what cell surface antigens

Answer 18

None

Question 19

type O has what antibodies in its blood

Answer 19

A and B antibodies

Question 20

antigen v antibody

Answer 20

antigen is a protein on the cell surface. antibody is a protein produced by B-lymphocyte

Question 21

How does blood typing work

Answer 21

add antibody A, B, Rh. Antibody A attacks A antigen, antibody B attacks B antigen, if antigen A is present, it is A type blood. O has no antigens on surface

Question 22

Antigen A for blood type A, what type of antibodies? How does it get these antibodies?

Answer 22

B, from diet

Question 23

How is the +/- determined in blood typing?

Answer 23

surface cell antigen D

Question 24

• blood type, would there b Rd antibodies or no?

Answer 24

Yes, if there is not antigens on the cell, then having antigens would not be normal and you would need antibodies to fight them off.

Question 25

If given wrong blood type during transfusion, what WBC would be responsible for producing antibodies against foreign antigens?

Answer 25

B cells

Question 26

What type of White Blood Cells produce and release antibodies

Answer 26

B cells

Question 27

Rh negative can donate to all eligible negatives and all eligible positives, why is this?

Answer 27

True, recipient with Rh(Rh+) won't have antibodies so it won't attack the cells, a recipient without Rh(Rh-) matches up with negative.

Question 28

Rh positives can only donate to eligible positives. Why is this?

Answer 28

Rh + means cells have antigens on their surface. If they donate to Rh-, the recipient will have antibodies that attack the surface antigens

Question 29

If a blood sample interacted with a specific antibody(serum) then what occurs? What does this indicate?

Answer 29

agglutination, this indicates the antigen is present

Question 30

Suspect has O- blood. Once he is given anti-A serum, is it clear he is not the culprit. How is this indicated in the test?

Answer 30

If the suspect had O blood, it would not have agglutinated, which means it did with the test.

Question 31

where are antibodies found? antigens?

Answer 31

antibodies found in plasma, antigens found on cell surface

Question 32

purpose of albumin

Answer 32

albumin does not bind to water, it creates a concentration gradient for water to stay in vessels

Question 33

enlarged heart due to regular intense exercise is due to physiological hypertrophy. enlarged heart due to hypertension is called

Answer 33

pathological hypertension

Question 34

pectinate muscles are found where at in the heart

Answer 34

auricles

Question 35

papillary muscles are found where at in the heart, what do they attach to?

Answer 35

ventricles, chordae tendinae

Question 36

interventricular septum vs sulcus

Answer 36

septum separates the ventricles, sulcus is exterior and contains vessels

Question 37

trabiculae carnae is found in the ventricles or atria

Answer 37

ventricles, it functions to prevent sticking of blood

Question 38

pulmonary trunk is anterior or posterior to aorta

Answer 38

anterior

Question 39

valves attach to chordae tendinae and to what else

Answer 39

cardiac skeleton cartilage

Question 40

EDV results from gravity and some atrial kick what does ESV result from

Answer 40

imperfect ventricle pump

Question 41

Stroke Volume(SV) is caluclated how

Answer 41

EDV - ESV; volume that entered - volume that stayed = volume that left

Question 42

Cardiac Output is calculated

Answer 42

SV * Heart Rate

Question 43

defects in IFV or SVC, enlarged ventricle walls, unsynced valves would cause a decrease in EDV or ESV

Answer 43

EDV

Question 44

EDV decrease causes blood flow disruption, how would this upset the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Answer 44

Pulmonary circuit blood would backtrack and pool, systemic circuit wouldn't get enough

Question 45

Structural defects in valves, papillary muscles, ventricle contraction would effect ESV or EDV more?

Answer 45

ESV

Question 46

Increase of ESV would lead to an increase in heart rate-why?

Answer 46

body's tissues aren't received enough blood, or oxygen, heart has to work harder to provide for lack of blood leaving the heart

Question 47

true or false: atrial contraction is required for the ventricles to achieve a full EDV

Answer 47

true

Question 48

striated cardiac cells that contract to generate the force needed to pump blood

Answer 48

work cardiomyocytes

Question 49

specialized cardiac cells in SA node that lack sarcomeres and do not contract, only to depolarize, generate AP, and set pace of heart

Answer 49

autorythmic/pacemaker cells

Question 50

small area in right atrium containing pacemaker SA nodal cells; primary pacemaker of heart

Answer 50

SA node

Question 51

conducts action potentials from RA to work cardiomyocytes in left atrium

Answer 51

Bachmann's bundle

Question 52

preferential paths in atrial muscle that conduct action potentials from SA to AV node, also depolarizes work cardiomyocytes in RA

Answer 52

atrial pathways

Question 53

small area in floor of RA near intraatrial septum, recieves AP from atrial pathways, conducts them to bundle of His. Only way AP move from atrium to ventricles

Answer 53

AV node

Question 54

recieves action potentials from AV node, conducts them to right and left ventricles

Answer 54

Bundle of His

Question 55

receive action potentials from Bundle of His, conducts them down interventricular septum to Purkinje fibers

Answer 55

L/R bundle branches

Question 56

these weave through ventricular myocardium, conduct AP to work cardiomyocytes in ventricular myocardium

Answer 56

Purkinje Fibers

Question 57

Look at Pre-Lab activity for order of activity-look at simultaneous activities

Answer 57

2,3,5,7 are simultaneous

Question 58

look at EKG graph

Question 59

contraction occurs during or after depolarization

Answer 59

after

Question 60

what causes the first heart sound

Answer 60

closure of the bicuspid valve