final review

Question 1

properties of EMR

Answer 1

• affect photographic film
• ability to penetrate tissues
• biological changes to tissue

Question 2

collimator

Answer 2

mainly limits exposed area

Question 3

flow of electrons

Answer 3

cathode to anode end

Question 4

position for animal with severe heart failure

Answer 4

VD - on back

Question 5

injured animal

Answer 5

injured area face DOWN closer to cassette

Question 6

position for animal with difficulty breathing

Answer 6

DV - sternal

Question 7

leg closest to table

Answer 7

is smaller than “up” leg

Question 8

instinctive cat behavior

Answer 8

kneading
urine spraying

Question 9

routine views for canine carpus

Answer 9

DPa and lateral

Question 10

routine views for stifle joint

Answer 10

CrCa and lateral

Question 11

OFD

Answer 11

distance from object to film

Question 12

rectification

Answer 12

changing AC to DC

Question 13

cathode

Answer 13

• negative end
• contains: filament and focusing cup
• reflects electron cloud

Question 14

anode

Answer 14

• positive end
• contains: focal spot, rotating and stationary anode

Question 15

heel effect

Answer 15

thicker part of animal under cathode end

Question 16

step up transformer

Answer 16

increases voltage to produce X-rays

Question 17

parallel dental radiograph

Answer 17

sensor directly behind tooth and beam perpendicular to sensor

Question 18

bisecting angle

Answer 18

• avoid elongation and foreshortening
• plane of film and long axis of tooth

Question 19

beam perpendicular to film

Answer 19

foreshortening

Question 20

beam perpendicular to tooth

Answer 20

elongation

Question 21

rostral maxilla

Answer 21

50-60 degree angle
center on incisors

Question 22

lateral oblique maxilla

Answer 22

45-60 degree angle
near eye

Question 23

lateral maxilla

Answer 23

straight lateral
premolars and molars

Question 24

rostral mandible

Answer 24

60 degree angle
center on incisors

Question 25

lateral oblique mandible

Answer 25

45 degree angle center on space between incisor and canine

Question 26

lateral mandible

Answer 26

straight lateral premolar 2

Question 27

distolateral

Answer 27

4th premolar 45 degree angle

Question 28

radiographic positions are described by

Answer 28

- direction beam travels - surface adjacent to film

Question 29

exposed light, developed and fixed

Answer 29

purple tint

Question 30

exposed correctly, left in developer too long

Answer 30

purple

Question 31

exposed correctly, developed and not fixed

Answer 31

dark

Question 32

not exposed, fixed first and not developed

Answer 32

clear

Question 33

directly out of film bin, exposed, not developed or fixed

Answer 33

black

Question 34

rotating anode

Answer 34

negative side with filament

Question 35

rules for position of spine

Answer 35

- stretch using front and rear legs - anesthetized - spine and sternum are same distance off table