wks 4-5

Question 1

what type of animal do you choose to develop a technique chart?

Answer 1

average size

Question 2

how many test x-rays do you take?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

what is the area of the body x-rayed?

Answer 3

abdomen

Question 4

where is the measurement of that body part taken?

Answer 4

12th rib/thickest part

Question 5

what is the field of view for that body part (abdomen)?

Answer 5

xiphoid process to coxofemoral joint

Question 6

if 12 cm were measured what would the KVp be for the test radiographs if the factor is 37?

Answer 6

12 x 2 = 24
24 + 37 = 61
answer: 61 KVp

Question 7

after choosing an x-ray with good technique what are the rules for adjusting the KVp as the cm change?

Answer 7

0-80 KVp: +- 2
80-100 KVp: +- 3
>100 KVp: +- 4

Question 8

if you have reached the KVp limit on your machine what rules of you use to adjust you technique?

Answer 8

decrease KVp by 16% and double the mAs

Question 9

a radiograph of an abdomen should have what scale contrast?

Answer 9

long; more gray

Question 10

a radiograph of a skull should have what scale contrast?

Answer 10

short; black and white

Question 11

the base mAs setting is used for radiographs taken of a patient’s what?

Answer 11

abdomen

Question 12

when taking a radiograph of the thorax, you should use an mAs setting that is ____ than one of an abdomen

Answer 12

lower (by 1/2)

Question 13

when taking a radiograph of the pelvis, you should use an mAs setting that is _____ than one of an abdomen

Answer 13

higher (x2)

Question 14

the mAs mainly controls the ____ on a film

Answer 14

density

Question 15

the KVp mainly controls the ____ on a film

Answer 15

contrast

Question 16

the lateral thorax radiograph should have ____ letters placed in the ____

Answer 16

left or right; collimation light (whatever side is down)

Question 17

the VD thorax radiograph should have ____ letters placed in the _____

Answer 17

VD; left/right side of animals (directional terms for beam entering and exiting)

Question 18

extremity views are often taken table top due to their

Answer 18

lower density (not going through grid or table)

Question 19

thorax

Answer 19

1/2 base

Question 20

skull

Answer 20

x2 base

Question 21

spine

Answer 21

x2 base

Question 22

extremity

Answer 22

base/5

Question 23

cat/puppy

Answer 23

1/2 base

Question 24

obese thorax

Answer 24

base

Question 25

name of the pattern created by the sensitized silver halide crystals

Answer 25

latent image

Question 26

lead gloves, aprons, etc. are designed to protect handlers from

Answer 26

scatter radiation

Question 27

the thicker the tissue, the ____ the KVp setting will be

Answer 27

more

Question 28

a radiograph which has been exposed to light and then developed and fixed will be?

Answer 28

black

Question 29

in order to use a grid when making an exposure the cassette would have to be placed

Answer 29

in the buckey

Question 30

the amount of KVp needed to make an exposure is determined by the

Answer 30

thickness of the part

Question 31

pertinent info about the patient and the date of the x-rays should be imprinted on the film...

Answer 31

in the darkroom

Question 32

a film taken directly out of the film bin in the dark room and then developed and fixed will be?

Answer 32

clear (hasn't been exposed yet, no crystals sensitized)

Question 33

difference in density of adjacent tissues is called

Answer 33

contrast

Question 34

amount of blackness on a film is termed

Answer 34

density

Question 35

a lateral view of the abdomen should have ___ markers places in the beam

Answer 35

left or right

Question 36

an x-ray film is composed of 2 layers of ___ on both sides of a polyester sheet

Answer 36

silver halide emulsion

Question 37

instrument used to measure the part being radiographed

Answer 37

calipers

Question 38

the developer solution changes sensitized silver halide crystals to

Answer 38

black metallic silver

Question 39

when taking radiographs of a particular area the technician should use anatomical landmarks to help determine the correct

Answer 39

positioning (field of view)

Question 40

radiographic positions are described by the ____ the beam travels through the body

Answer 40

direction

Question 41

radiographic positions are also described by the surface of the body that is ____ the film

Answer 41

closest to

Question 42

list 6 indications for taking dental radiographs

Answer 42

periodontal disease missing or broken teeth resorptive lesions oral tumors gingival inflammation malformed or discolored teeth

Question 43

T/F dental x-ray units are exactly the same as all other units

Answer 43

F

Question 44

T/F FFD is the same for dental rads as abdominal rads

Answer 44

F

Question 45

purpose of a bisecting angle

Answer 45

to avoid elongation or foreshortening of the radiographic image (reduce distortion)

Question 46

two pieces of information needed to get a bisecting angle

Answer 46

- the plane of the film - the plane of the long axis of the tooth

Question 47

T/F parallel angle and bisecting angle are basically the same thing

Answer 47

F

Question 48

if the bisecting angle is not correct ___ or ___ can occur resulting in distortion of the tooth root

Answer 48

elongation; foreshortening

Question 49

T/F it is most important to make sure that the crown of the tooth shows up on the x-ray

Answer 49

F

Question 50

who is responsible for the safety of the employees

Answer 50

owner of the practice

Question 51

the main goals of the practice

Answer 51

– Gather as much information as possible – Use minimum number of exposures – Limit the level of radiation to as low as reasonably attainable

Question 52

rad

Answer 52

unit of absorbed dose for any ionizing radiation

Question 53

REM

Answer 53

unit of dose equivalent which has been correlated to living tissue

Question 54

Dosimetry (film) badges

Answer 54

read in mREM which is 1/1000 of a REM

Question 55

Early / Acute Exposure Effects

Answer 55

When the entire body is exposed to large amounts of radiation, many organ changes take place

Question 56

Late / Chronic Exposure Effects

Answer 56

- fetal abnormalities - susceptibility to disease or infection - risk on cancers - risk of cataracts - risk of aplastic anemia

Question 57

pregnant women

Answer 57

should be excluded from radiographic procedures - if this is not feasible, two aprons and two film badges should be worn, one at the collar and one at belt level

Question 58

risk of the fetus is greatest when

Answer 58

during the first trimester of pregnancy when the fetal cells are dividing rapidly

Question 59

base mAs

Answer 59

can be multiplied by 2, divided by 2, and divided 5 - must equal number on mAs table

Question 60

mAs rules chart again

Answer 60

skull, spine, pelvis: x2 base normal thorax: 1/2 base obese dog thorax or fluid: base cats and puppies: 1/2 base extremities: 1/5 base

Question 60

if the beam is perpendicular to the film

Answer 60

the image is foreshortened

Question 61

if the beam is perpendicular to the tooth

Answer 61

the image is elongated