FINAL- Week 3 Part 1

Question 1

True or false: by the end of the1st year a typical infants height is about 32in more than 50% greater than at birth

Answer 1

True

Question 2

How many inches is a baby at 2 years?

Answer 2

36in- 75% greater

Question 3

True or false: 5 months of age birth weight doubled to 10 lbs

Answer 3

False

15 LBS

Question 4

How many lbs is the baby at 1 year and 2 years old?

Answer 4

1 year- 22 lbs

2 years- 30 lbs

Question 5

From Latin “head to tail”
During the prenatal period, the head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body.
Head takes up 1/4
Body takes up 1/3

Answer 5

Cephalocaudal trend

Question 6

Growth proceeds from center of the body outward- “near to far”

Answer 6

Proximodistal trend

Question 7

True or false: the brain has 100-200 billion neurons that store and transmit info

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or false: programmed cell death occurs to make space for connective structure. 30-70 % neurons die depending on brain region

Answer 8

False

20-80%

Question 9

Neurons that are seldom stimulated lose their synapses, in a process called ?

Answer 9

Synaptic pruning

Question 10

What percent of synapses are pruned during childhood and adolescence to reach adulthood level?

Answer 10

40%

Question 11

What are the 3 parts of neuromaturation?

Answer 11

1) primitive reflex patterns emerge into balance, postural reactions and voluntary movement
2) sequence and rage of motor dev are consistent among infants and children
3) low level skills are prerequisites for certain high level skills

Question 12

True or false: neurons produced after the prenatal period contributes to the dramatic increase in brain size during the first 3 years

Answer 12

False

First TWO years

Question 13

What are glial cells responsible for?

Answer 13

Myelination- the coating of neural fibers with a fatty sheath (myelin) that improves the efficiency of message transfer

Question 14

What is plasticity?

Answer 14

Fusion of organism and environment

Individual dev involves emergence of new structural (cellular) and functional (body systems) components

Child experience produce new neurological connections (new associations) and structural changes (physical growth) and other components

Question 15

True or false: preschoolers with brain injuries sustained in the first year of life with deficits in language and spatial abilities showed better functional outcomes than brain injured adults

Answer 15

True

Because if part of the cortex is damaged other parts can take over

Question 16

Between ages 2 and 6 the brain increases from what percentage of its adult weight to what percentage?

Answer 16

70% to 90%

Question 17

By what age have parts of the cerebral cortex over produced synapses and FMRI evidence reveals cerebral blood flow peaks

Answer 17

4

Question 18

What ages does this occur in your brain: Energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes near adult level and cognitive capacities increasingly localize in distinct neural systems

Answer 18

By ages 8-10

Question 19

Young brains rapidly dev organization, which depends on ordinary experiences- opportunities to explore the environment, interact with people and hear language and sounds
What time of brain dev is this?

Answer 19

Experience- expectant brain growth

Question 20

Occurs throughout life span. Consists of additional growth and refinement of established brain structures as a result of specific learning experiences that vary widely across individual and culture (reading, writing, computer games, practicing violin)
What time of brain dev is this?

Answer 20

Experience- dependent brain growth

Question 21

Does rushing early learning harm the brain by overwhelming its neural circuits?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

How many hours are the newborn baby’s round the clock naps?

Answer 22

16-18 hours

Question 23

How many hours of sleep does a 2 year old need?

Answer 23

12-13 hours

Question 24

How many naps does a 6-9 mos baby take, 18 mos baby take and a 3-5 year old take?

Answer 24

6-9 mos- 2 daytime naps

18 mos- 1 daytime nap

3-5 years- no naps

Question 25

How does your heredity influence physical growth?

Answer 25

Diet and health are adequate, height and rate of physical growth are influenced by heredity

Question 26

When is nutrition the most crucial for development and what percent of caloric intake is devoted for growth?

Answer 26

2 years old most critical 25% of caloric intake

Question 27

When are language areas especially active?

Answer 27

Late infancy through preschool

Question 28

Fibers linking the blank to blank grow and myelinate from birth through your preschool years in gains for motor coordination

Answer 28

Cerebellum to cerebral cortex

Question 29

What structure in the brain stem maintains alertness and consciousness, generates synapses and myelinated throughout childhood into adolescence

Answer 29

Reticular formation

Question 30

In the reticular formation, where do the fibers get sent?

Answer 30

Prefrontal cortex

Question 31

What 2 hormones does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 31

1) Growth hormone (GH) | 2) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 32

What is growth hormone responsible for?

Answer 32

Dev of all body tissues except CNS and genitals

Question 33

What happens when children lack GH?

Answer 33

Average mature height of 4-4 1/2 feet Can be treated with injections

Question 34

What does the thyroid stimulating gland do?

Answer 34

Prompts the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

Question 35

What is thyroxine?

Answer 35

Necessary for brain dev and for GH to have impact on body size If lacking children need to receive it at once or they can have intellectual disabilities

Question 36

Synergies have specific consistent characteristics, such as a sequence of movements and the ratio of joint movements which can be adjusted for a new situation is what?

Answer 36

Adaptive stability

Question 37

On average, how many inches in height and lbs in weight do children add each year?

Answer 37

2-3 inches 5 lbs

Question 38

Between 2-6, how many new epiphysis emerge in various parts of the skeleton?

Answer 38

45

Question 39

What is an epiphysis?

Answer 39

Growth center in which cartilage hardens into bone

Question 40

When do children start losing their baby teeth?

Answer 40

End of preschool

Question 41

The left cerebral hemisphere is especially active between what ages?

Answer 41

3-6 years and then levels off

Question 42

What neural activities indicate rapid growth from early to middle childhood?

Answer 42

Prefrontal cortex devoted to executive function, inhibition of impulses, attention, memory, planning and organized behavior

Question 43

True or false: Perception informs action, actions provide feedback about movement, performance and consequences

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Where does affordable fit between?

Answer 44

Child and environment