Midterm- Week 2 PPT Flashcards
What are infant reflexes?
A reflex is unborn, automatic, involuntary stereotyped response to a particular form of stimuli
Building blocks for complex behavior
Do not last beyond first year
May be inhibited by maturing CNS and integrated into new moves
What is reflexive chaining?
Moro reflex helped a baby who lost support to embrace and with grasp reflex, regain its hold on the mother’s body
Why is the study of infant reflexes important?
Neuromaturational Theory of Dev
Postural reflexes foundation for later voluntary movements
Helpful in diagnosing neurological disorders
What is the Neuromaturational Theory of Development?
Normal motor development in infants
Increasing corticalization of the CNS
Higher level of control over lower reflex centers
When do primitive reflexes occur and repressed?
Occur- gestation or at birth
Repressed- around 6 months
For survival, protection and nutrition
What are postural reflexes related to?
Development of later voluntary movement
What movement is “practice” for future voluntary movements?
Automatic
If the infant reflex is palmar grasp what would be the future voluntary movement?
Grasping
If the infant reflex is stepping what would be the future voluntary movement?
Walking
What type of reactions are in the cortex?
Equilibrium reactions
What type of reactions are in the midbrain?
Righting reactions
What type of reactions are in the brain stem?
Primitive reflexes
What are the 5 things to look at when you’re doing your behavioral observation?
1) level of arousal
2) tolerance of sensory input
3) ability to recover from stress
4) awareness of surroundings
5) age appropriate attention to task
What is the primitive reflex profile?
Quantification of the present or strength of primitive reflexes
3 reflexes:
1) moro
2) asymmetric tonic neck
3) symmetric tonic neck
5 point system
- 0 for absent
- 4 strong it dominates individual
What are the 2 other names for rooting reflex?
Search reflex
Cardinal points reflex
What are the 9 types of primitive reflexes?
1) Moro
2) startle
3) Palmar grasp
4) sucking
5) rooting
6) asymmetric tonic neck (ATNR)
7) symmetric tonic neck (STNR)
8) plantar grasp
9) babinski
What is the Moro reflex?
Arms and legs extend when the baby’s head is suddenly lowered in a supine position or when a surface near the baby is hit
Prenatal to 4-6 months
Lack of reflex-
- CNS or sensorimotor dysfunction
- delay in independent sitting and head control
- hypo responsive or hyper responsive
- factor of SIDS
What is the startle reflex?
Loud noise can cause abduction a protective response to sudden stimulation
2-3 months after moro
Disappears at 1
What is the palmar grasp?
4 fingers (not thumb) close when palm is stimulated
0 to 4-6 months
No grasp:
- indicate neurological problems (hypotonia)
- peripheral, spinal cord involvement or lesion of the brain
Natures to pincer grasp
What is sucking or suck-
Swallow reflex?
Touch of the lips promotes sucking action
0 to 2 1/2 months
No reflex problematic for nutrition
What is rooting?
Head moves toward the side of face that was touched
0 to 3 months
No reflex is
- problematic for nutrition
- May be sign of CNS or sensorimotor dysfunction
What is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)?
When in a prone or supine position head is turned to one side and limbs flex on one side while the other side extends
0 to 4-6 months
Difficult for Hands, feet and eyes to cross midline
Impaired hand eye coordination and bilateral body awareness
May be a factor of SIDS
What else is asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) called?
Bow and arrow
Fencers position
What is the symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)?
Neck is flexed caused arm flexion and extension of legs
Extension of neck causes extension of arms and flexion of legs
4-6 to 8 months- 1 year
Not there
- concerns crawling
- coordination
- impede motor skills and cause spinal flexion deformities
