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finally abt to end Flashcards

1
Q

Developed the _____-Lange theory of emotion, along with Carl Lange, which proposes that emotions occur because of physiological reactions to events

A

william james

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2
Q

Known for his systematic, scientific study of sexual behavior, developed ____ Scale to describe sexual orientation

A

alfred kinsey

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3
Q

developed a theory of motivation called the hierarchy of needs

A

abraham maslow

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4
Q

developed the two-factor theory of emotion

A

stanley schachter

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5
Q

developed the general adaptation syndrome model

A

hans selye

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6
Q

pioneering the study of emotion and stress, emphasizing the role of cognitive appraisal in understanding human reactions

A

Richard Lazarus

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7
Q

known for his groundbreaking research on the neural mechanisms of emotion, particularly the amygdala’s role in fear processing

A

Joseph LeDoux

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8
Q

Universal emotional expressions, “facial language” believed everyone recognized 7 basic emotions

A

Paul Ekman

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9
Q

psychoanalyst who disagreed with Freud over the importance of sexual drives in personality, originated concept of inferiority complex

A

alfred adler

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10
Q

social cognitive theorist who proposed reciprocal determinism, idea that thoughts, beliefs, and environment all interact with and change each other

A

albert bandura

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11
Q

expanded and reorganized the PEN trait model into the big Five or OCEAN model of personality traits

A

Paul Costa & Robert McCrae

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12
Q

founder of psychoanalysis who developed the structural model, which states that the mind is made up of the id, ego, and superego

A

sigmund freud

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13
Q

psychoanalyst who stated that the unconscious mind can be divided into the personal and collective conscious, the latter of which contains archetypes

A

carl jung

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14
Q

believes free-will will lead to self actualization. As long as you have one person in your life that will give you unconditional positive regard, you can reach self actualization

A

carl rogers

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15
Q

Emphasizes behavior is determined by your past experiences that are left in the unconscious mind and childhood experiences

A

psychodynamic

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16
Q

Human capacity for choice and growth, motivation for people to fulfill their potential

A

humanistic

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17
Q

The influence of genetics and brain chemistry (physical & biological processes)

A

biological

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18
Q

Links between genetics and environment

A

biopsychosocial

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19
Q

“The Evolutionary Perspective” People are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionarily/genetically programmed to do so with survival instincts

A

instinct theory

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20
Q

We are pulled into action
by—positive or negative— outside incentives

A

incentive theory

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21
Q

Increased arousal can help improve performance, but only up to a certain point. At the point when arousal becomes excessive, performance diminishes

A

Yerkes-Dodson Law

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22
Q

Abraham suggested that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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23
Q

is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation

A

self-efficacy

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24
Q

Most of the biological feeling of hunger comes from this brain structure

A

hypothalamus

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25
Q

The “on” button for eating. If stimulated, causes you to feel hunger

A

lateral hypothalamus “hungry”

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26
Q

The “off” button for eating. when stimulated, makes you feel full

A

Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) “Full”

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27
Q

Behavior that is driven by internal rewards (autonomy, mastery, purpose)

A

Intrinsic Motivation

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28
Q

Behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise

A

extrinsic motivation

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29
Q

phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action

A

overjustification effect

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30
Q

Conflict within a person where he or she needs to decide between two appealing goals

A

approach-approach conflict

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31
Q

Making a decision between two equally undesirable choices

A

avoidance-avoidance conflict

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32
Q

Conflict involves making decisions about situations that have both positive and negative consequences

A

approach-avoidance conflict

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33
Q

stages humans go through during sexual interaction

A

Sexual Response Cycle (William Masters & Virginia Johnson)

34
Q

A social group or culture’s informal norms about how to appropriately express emotions

A

display rule

35
Q

Theory in which a stimulus leads to an emotion, which then leads to bodily arousal through the autonomic nervous system

A

common-sense theory

36
Q

Emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events

A

james-lange theory

37
Q

Facial expressions are connected to experiencing emotions

A

facial-feedback hypothesis

38
Q

Suggests that the physical and psychological experience of emotion happen at the same time and that one does not cause the other

A

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotions

39
Q

The physiological arousal occurs first, and then the individual must identify the reason for this arousal to experience and label it as an emotion

A

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

40
Q

Effect of positive events

A

eustress

41
Q

Occurs when people experience unpleasant and undesirable stressors

A

distress

42
Q

Researched by Hans Selye, the three stages of the bodies psychological reaction to stress

A

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

43
Q

Refers to the extent to which people feel that they have control over the events that influence their lives

A

locus of control

44
Q

You believe that you have control over what happens

A

internal locus of control

45
Q

Blame outside forces for their circumstances

A

external locus of control

46
Q

Sigmund Freud developed theory of
personality development

A

psychoanalytic theories

47
Q

Part of the human
personality that is made up of all our inborn biological urges that seeks out immediate gratification (pleasure principle)

A

ID

48
Q

The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality (reality principle)

A

ego

49
Q

The part of personality that,
represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations (morality principle)

A

superego

50
Q

Freud proposed that the ego protects itself with tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality

A

defense mechanisms

51
Q

Acts to keep information out of conscious awareness

A

repression

52
Q

Involves taking out our frustrations, feelings, and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening

A

displacement

53
Q

Involves taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people

A

projection

54
Q

When confronted by stressful events, people sometimes abandon coping strategies and revert to patterns of behavior used earlier in development

A

regression

55
Q

Functions to protect the ego from things with which the individual cannot cope

A

denial

56
Q

Involves explaining an unacceptable behavior or feeling in a rational or logical manner, avoiding the true reasons for the behavior

A

rationalization

57
Q

Reduces anxiety by taking up the opposite feeling, impulse, or behavior

A

reaction-formation

58
Q

thought all people shared a collective unconscious. Common collection of images that we have gained together as human beings from our ancestral & evolutionary past

A

carl jung

59
Q

People compensate for inferiority complexes based on inadequacies

A

alfred adler

60
Q

feminist perspective to psychoanalytic theory

A

karen horney

61
Q

Projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

62
Q

The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, During the test, participants are shown the inkblots and asked what each one looks like

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test (Hermann Rorschach)

63
Q

16 traits are the source of all human personality

A

Raymond Cattell’s 16 Traits

64
Q

he identified closely related terms and eventually reduced his list to just 16 key personality traits

A

factor analysis

65
Q

Model of personality traits, many researchers believe that they are five core personality traits

A

the big 5 personality factors

66
Q

to Experience, tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings and behaviors

A

openness

67
Q

tendency to be careful, on-time for appointments, to follow rules, and to be hardworking

A

conscientiousness

68
Q

tendency to be talkative, sociable, and to enjoy others

A

extraversion

69
Q

tendency to agree and go along with others rather than to assert one’s own opinions & choices

A

agreeableness

70
Q

tendency to frequently experience negative emotions

A

neuroticism

71
Q

The most widely used and researched clinical assessment tool used by mental health professionals to help diagnose mental health disorders

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)

72
Q

Self-report inventory designed to identify a person’s personality type, strengths, and preferences

A

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

73
Q

theory of learning that examines how cognitive processes and environmental factors influence behavior; developed by?

A

Social Cognitive Perspective; Albert Bandura

74
Q

idea from the social cognitive perspective that thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and environment all influence each other in determining a person’s actions in a given situation

A

reciprocal determinism

75
Q

a culture that places an emphasis on individual goals and personal achievement

A

individualistic culture

76
Q

a culture that sees people primarily as members of a family or larger social group

A

collectivist culture

77
Q

concerns people’s willingness to try to new things, their ability to be vulnerable, and their capability to think outside the box

A

openness to experience

78
Q

is a trait that can be described as the tendency to control impulses and act in socially acceptable ways, behaviors that facilitate goal-directed behavior (John & Srivastava, 1999). _____ people excel in their ability to delay gratification, work within the rules, and plan and organize effectively

A

conscientiousness

79
Q

This factor has two familiar ends of its spectrum: extroversion and introversion. It concerns where an individual draws their energy from and how they interact with others. In general, extroverts draw energy from or recharge by interacting with others, while introverts get tired from interacting with others and replenish their energy with solitude

A

extroversion

80
Q

This factor concerns how well people get along with others. While extroversion concerns sources of energy and the pursuit of interactions with others, agreeableness concerns one’s orientation to others. It is a construct that rests on how an individual generally interacts with others

A

agreeableness

81
Q

is not a factor of meanness or incompetence, but one of confidence and being comfortable in one’s own skin. It encompasses one’s emotional stability and general temper

A

neuroticism

82
Q

OCEAN ?

A

openness to experience
conscientiousness
extroversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

ap psych (7 decks)

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