FINALS

Question 1

refers to the systematic and consistent practice of mental and psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment, or achieving greater sport and physical activity self-satisfaction.

Answer 1

psychological skills training

Question 2

participants quickly recognize how important it is to acquire PST and how skills affect performance.

Answer 2

education phase

Question 3

has three primary objectives: (a) to automate skills through overlearning, (b) to teach people to systematically integrate psychological skills into the performance situations, and (c) to simulate skills people will want to apply in actual competition.

Answer 3

practice phase

Question 4

focuses on strategies and techniques for learning the various psychological skills.

Answer 4

acquisition phase

Question 5

is the level of physical and psychological activation, on a scale from deep sleep to intense excitement.

Answer 5

arousal

Question 6

this technique involves tensing and relaxing specific muscles.

Answer 6

progressive relaxation

Question 7

is often considered key to achieving relaxation.

Answer 7

proper breathing

Question 8

one of the easiest and most effective ways to control anxiety and muuscle tension.

Answer 8

breath control

Question 9

is a physically oriented technique specifically designed to teach people to control physiological or autonomic responses.

Answer 9

biofeedback

Question 10

a scientifically sound way of relaxing that was popularized by Herbert Benson.

Answer 10

relaxation response

Question 11

consist of a series of exercises designed to produce sensations, specifically warmth and heaviness.

Answer 11

autogenic training

Question 12

one of the most comprehensive stress management approaches.

Answer 12

cognitive-affective stress management training

Question 13

during this phase, the consultant conducts personal interview to assess the kinds of circumstances that produce stress.

Answer 13

pre-treatment phase

Question 14

the idea is to help the player understand his stress response by analyzing personal stress reactions and experiences.

Answer 14

treatment rationale

Question 15

the major objective of the smt program is to develop an integrated coping response by acquiring both relaxation and cognitive intervention skills.

Answer 15

skill acquisition

Question 16

to facilitate rehearsal process, the consultant intentionally induces different levels of stress

Answer 16

skill rehearsal

Question 17

the individual is exposed to and learns to cope with stress in increasing amounts, thereby enhancing her immunity to stress.

Answer 17

stress inoculation training (SIT)

Question 18

a somewhat controversial and often misunderstood technique for reducing both anxiety, as well as enhancing other mental skills.

Answer 18

hypnosis

Question 19

participants need to trust the hypnotist and must want to be hypnotized, because suggestibility is critical for success.

Answer 19

induction phase

Question 20

the participant’s physiological responses are virtually identical to those in relaxation phase.

Answer 20

hypnotic phase

Question 21

the participants comes out of the trance.

Answer 21

waking phase

Question 22

suggestions given to participants during hypnosis are often designed to influence them.

Answer 22

posthypnotic phase

Question 23

a process of constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands or conflicts appraised as taxing or exceeding one’s resources.

Answer 23

coping

Question 24

involves efforts to alter or manage the problem that is causing the stress for the individual concerned.

Answer 24

problem-focused coping

Question 25

entails regulating the emotional responses to the problem that causes stress for the individual

Answer 25

emotion-focused coping

Question 26

is also called visualization or mental rehearsal

Answer 26

imagery

Question 27

means using your senses to rehearse your sport in your mind

Answer 27

imagery

Question 28

refers to the imagery of the execution of a skill from your own vantage point

Answer 28

internal imagery

Question 29

you view yourself from the perspective of an outside observer

Answer 29

external imagery

Question 30

imagery facilitates the learning of motor skills because of the nature of the neuromuscular activity patterns activated during imaging

Answer 30

psychoneuromuscular theory

Question 31

suggests that imagery may function as a coding system to help people understand and acquire movement pattern

Answer 31

symbolic learning theory

Question 32

probably the best-develop theoretical explanation for the effects of imagery

Answer 32

bioinformational theory

Question 33

are statements that describe specific stimulus features of the scenario to be imagined

Answer 33

stimulus propositions

Question 34

aren statements that describe the imager's response to the particular scenario and they are designed to produce physiological activity

Answer 34

response propositions

Question 35

helps sustain the motivation and self-efficacy beleifs of exercise participants, which may the lead to greater involvement in physical activity

Answer 35

exercise imagery

Question 36

good imagers use all of their senses to make their images vivid and detaild as possible

Answer 36

vividness

Question 37

another key to successful imagery is learning to manipulate your images so they do what you want them to

Answer 37

controllability

Question 38

is characterized by a high expectacy of success

Answer 38

self-confidence

Question 39

confidence is a critical determinant of performance, it will not overcome incompetence

Answer 39

optimal self-confidence

Question 40

people who are this are actually falsely confident

Answer 40

overconfidence

Question 41

provides a model to study the effects of self-confidence on sport performance, persistence, and behaviour

Answer 41

self-efficacy theory

Question 42

the perception of one's ability to perform a task successfully, is really a situation-specific form of self-confidence

Answer 42

self-efficacy

Question 43

provide the most dependable foundation for self-efficacy judgements because they are based on one's mastery experiences

Answer 43

performance accomplishments

Question 44

also known as demonstration or modelling, to help students learn new skills

Answer 44

vicarious experiences

Question 45

coaches, teachers, and peers often use persuasive techniques to influence behavior

Answer 45

verval persuasion

Question 46

individuals can generate beliefs about personal efficacy or lack of efficacy by imagining themselves or others behaving effectively or ineffectively in future situations

Answer 46

imaginal experiences

Question 47

influence self-efficacy when individuals associate aversive physiological arousal with poor performance, perceived incompetence, and perceived failure

Answer 47

physiological states

Question 48

although physiological cues are important components of emotions, emotional experiences are not simply the product of physiological arousal

Answer 48

emotional states

Question 49

is widely regarded as the most popular basic sport psychology technique and is an integral part of any mental training program designed to maximize athletic potential

Answer 49

goal setting

Question 50

is the desire to attain specific standard of proficiency on task, usually within a specific time

Answer 50

objective goal

Question 51

are general statements of intent that are not measurable or objective

Answer 51

subjective goals

Question 52

typically focus on a competitive result of an event

Answer 52

outcome goals

Question 53

focus on achieving standards or performance objectives independently of other competitors

Answer 53

performance goals

Question 54

focus on the actions an idividual must engage in during performance to execute or perform

Answer 54

process goals

Question 55

is the ability to maintain focus on relevant environmental cues

Answer 55

concentration

Question 56

refers to letting some information into the information-processing system whereas other information is screened or ignored

Answer 56

attentional selectivity

Question 57

this aspect of attention refers to the fact that attention is limited in the amount of information that can be processed at one time

Answer 57

attentional capacity

Question 58

is related to the notion that increases in emotional arousal narrow the attentional field because of a systematic reduction in the range of cues that a performer considers in executing a skill

Answer 58

attentional alertness

Question 59

allows a person to perceive several occurences simultaneously

Answer 59

broad attentional focus

Question 60

occurs when you respond to only one or two cues

Answer 60

narrow attentional focus

Question 61

directs attention outward to an object

Answer 61

external attentional focus

Question 62

is directed inword to thoughts and feelings

Answer 62

internal attentional focus

Question 63

may be defined as stimuli from the environment that divert people's

Question 69

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Question 71

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Question 71

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Question 71

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