CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
Lesson 3 (22 cards)
is a blend of physiological and psychological activity in a person, and it refers to the intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment.
Arousal
is a negative emotional state characterized by nervousness, worry, and apprehension and associated with activation or arousal of the body.
Anxiety
Component of Anxiety
- Cognitive anxiety
- Somatic anxiety
refers to the ever-changing mood component.
state anxiety
concerns the degree to which one worries or has negative thoughts
Cognitive state anxiety
is not necessarily a change in one’s physical activation but rather one’s perception of such a change.
Somatic state anxiety
concerns the moment-to-moment changes in perceived physiological activation.
Somatic state anxiety
is part of the personality, an acquired behavioral tendency or disposition that influences behavior.
Trait anxiety
are everywhere in sport and exercise settings
Emotions
indicate that emotions are complex phenomena, “short-lived feeling states that occur in response to events” that one experiences.
Gill and Williams
defined emotion as “an organized psychophysiological reaction to ongoing relationships with the environment, most often, but not always, interpersonal or social,” involving subjective experiences, observable actions or impulses to act, and physiological changes.
Richard Lazarus
is defined as “a substantial imbalance between demand [physical and/or psychological] and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet that demand has important consequences”
Stress
McGrath proposed stress consists of four interrelated stages
Stage 1: Environmental Demand
Stage 2: Perception of Demand
Stage 3: Stress Response
Stage 4: Behavioral Consequences
two common sources of situational stress
Event Importance
Uncertainty
is used to describe a person’s overall subjective sense of personal worth or value
Self-Esteem
is a personality disposition defined as “the degree to which people become anxious when others observe their physiques”
Social Physique Anxiety
The theory refers more broadly to the effects of the presence of others on performance, including coaction (two people performing simultaneously) or performance of a task simultaneously with others.
Drive Theory
Explain the relationship between arousal states and performance
Inverted-U Hypothesis
a noted Russian sport psychologist, presented an alternative view that he calls the individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF)model
Yuri Hanin
predicts that cognitive state anxiety (worry) is negatively related to performance.
Multidimensional anxiety theory
predicts that physiological arousal is related to performance in an inverted-U fashion, but only when an athlete is not worried or has low cognitive state anxiety.
Catastrophe Model
contends that the way in which arousal affects performance depends basically on an individual’s interpretation of his arousal level.
Reversal Theory
