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1
Q

Election of 1800

A

Jefferson (rep) defeated John Adams (federalist) in electoral votes but Aaron Burr tied w Jefferson but then Alexander Hamilton persuaded feds to let jefferson win

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2
Q

Lousiana Purchase

A

France gave Spain territoy but spain gave it back (US scared it’s force us into alliance w Britain)
Jeff. Sent J. Monroe to france for New orleans and western FL but received all of it for $15M bc france failed to gain Haiti and US doubled

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3
Q

Who won the 1800 election

A

Thomas jefferson (dem. REPUBLICAN)

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4
Q

Embargo of 1807

A

Britain fighting France
France excluded Britain from european trade, Britain blockaded ports (seized american ships, impressment, chesapeake incident) but embargo hurt america more than britain so they lifted ban on foreign trade except britain and france

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5
Q

Causes if the war of 1812

A

British impressment of US sailors
Major British interference with US shipping
British aid to native Americans fighting US in northwestern terr
Warhawks in Congress desire more land in Canada

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6
Q

War of 1812

A

After battles, both tired of fighting, sign Treaty of Ghent (christmas eve 1814) in belgium to end it
After war, andrew jackson defeats britain in new orleans and america thinks they won

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7
Q

War of 1812 outcomes

A

1815 Commercial Treaty to restart trade between two
1817 Rush Bagot agreement limits number of warships on Great Lakes
1818 a joint British-US Commision sets border between Lou. Terr. And canada (49th parallel)
1818 joint occupation of oregon territory for 10 years

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8
Q

Marbury vs Madison

A

William Marbury was midnight judge who sued J Madison who didnt deliver papers

  • chief Justice John Marshall (federalist) declared Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional
  • gave feds power of judicial review (determining constitutionality of laws)
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9
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Machines replaced hand tools
Factory system made mass production
-interchangeable parts (parts that are alike)

Town of Lowell had weaving factory, mechanizing all stages of cloth

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10
Q

What caused america to turn in direction of domestic industries

A

Jefferson embargo Act of 1807 and the war of 1812

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11
Q

South during industrial rev

A

Didnt want to industrialize

Huge profits from cotton

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12
Q

Cotton gin

A

Invented by eli whitney(1783) helped south make easier cotton, more slaves put to work

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13
Q

Northwestern economy in early 1800s

A

Dominated by grain and livestock production for markets

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14
Q

American system

A

By president James Madison in 1815, promoted by House Speaker henry clay

  • building transportation network of roads/canals to speed movement of goods/people
  • high tariffs on imported manufactured goods to encourage people to buy American goods and help pay for roads
  • create national bank
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15
Q

Purpose of the american system

A

Unify nation by making 3 regions interdependent

Make US economically independent from Britain

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16
Q

Tariff of 1816 and Second Bank of US 1816

A

People in south and west didnt support as much

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17
Q

Election of 1816/ Era of Good feelings

A

James Monroe of VA won
Took tour in new england recieved a warm welcome
Significant that republican welcomed in federalist area impressed nation (era of good feelings

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18
Q

Mulloch vs Maryland

A

Maryland levied tax on bank of the US, hoping to make it fail
John Marshall denied right of maryland to tax bank
Put national gov over state gov

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19
Q

Nationalism

A

Belief that national interests should be put above regional concerns or interests of other countries

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20
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

President madison warned all outside powers not to interfere w Western Hemisphere and the US wouldnt get involved in european affairs

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21
Q

What caused the monroe doctrine

A

Europe wanted to reclaim land in latin america and russia was establishing ports in CA; posed threat to trade w china

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22
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

North and south fought for power in senate
Maine admitted as free state and Missouri as slave
South of line was proslavery and north was antislavery

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23
Q

Election of 1824

A

Andrew Jackson won by popular vote not electoral votes so House had to decide, Henry disliked Jackson so he swung the win to john quincy adams
Jacksonians left republican party to form the democratic republican party

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24
Q

Andrew jacksons presidency

A

States eased voting requirements
Voting tripled
Won by landslide

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25
Spoils system
Incoming officials replaced former employees with friends and family; but were inexperienced
26
Indian removal act
Forced native americans to move west | Cherokee tried help from legal system but john marshall refused bc they were a legitimate nation/state
27
Worcester vs Georgia
John marshall ruled georgia not entitled to force them out but jackson refused to enforce it
28
Trail of tears
President martin van burren called us army to force native americans into west, on journey many died and were buried on tear of trails
29
Tariff of 1832
Congress passed tariff that s carolina thought was unconstitutional, they threatened to succeed Jackson was angry that they disregarded the will of the people as said in const.
30
How was s carolinas threat to succeed avoided
Henry clay proposed tariff bill that'd gradually lower tax over 10 year period
31
Jackson and the Bank of US
In 1832, vetoed bill to recharter bank bc it had unfair adv over other banks - favored upperclass/congressmen not average citizens - gov funds were put in pet banks and BUS died
32
Whig Party
Against jackson | William Henry Harrison won presidency but died so John Tyler took over, he opposed Whigs😂
33
Panic of 1837
Bank closings | 1/3 unemployed
34
Second great awakening
Charles gardison finney opposed belief of predetermined salvation - revivals took place - churches started including blacks too
35
Transcendentalism
Led by ralph Emerson- movement that emphasized simple life and nature/emotions Thoreau lived out and urged civil disobedience (peaceful resistance)
36
Unitarianism
Emphasized reason/appeals to conscience
37
Dorothea Dix
Visited jail that housed mentally ill people; persuaded 9 states to build hospitals for them
38
Education 1830s
Americans demandes tax paid schools | Taxpayers opposes since theyre kids went to private schools and germans didnt want their kids forgetting language
39
Horace Mann
Established teacher training programs and institutes curriculum reforms
40
William Llyod Garrison
Most radical white abolitionist | Had "the liberator" to express immediate emancipation
41
David walker
An appeal to the colored people of the world | -wanted to act for abolition not wait
42
Cotton Impact on southern cities
White workers left to farm and slaves were in demand as city workers
43
Whites reaction to revolts
Believed education/privilege inspired revolt so they tightened controls (slave codes) denied right to vote, own land, etc
44
Temperance movement
Effort to prohibit alcohol
45
Seneca falls, NY
Elizabeth stanton and lucretia mott held womens rights convention -declaration of sentiments
46
Sojourner truth
Traveled, preaching
47
Market revolution
People bought and sold goods instead of making them for themselves Goods/services multiplied, incomes rose
48
Impact of transportation
Shipped goods to markets | Steamboat went UP rivers not just down
49
Manifest destiny
Belief that God wanted US to expand to pacific ocean and mexican terr
50
Mormons/Mormon trail
Moved weat; reached great salt lakes | -irrigated fields and farmed
51
TX tension
Anglos were english speaking Protestants -brought slavery Mexico put tax on importation of american goods
52
Stephen Austin & war w texas
Sold land grants Wanted self gov for TX Texans drove santa anas army from Alamo but santa ana went back and destroyed it and won at Goliad Led by sam houston tx won at Battle of san jac.
53
Treaty of velasco
Gave INDEPENDENCE to TX
54
What did polk Believe the war with Mexico would bring
TX new mex n CA
55
Mexican war
Polk sent zach taylor to blockade rio grande and fremont went thru CA Treaty if guadaloupe ended it;us paid $15M forCalifornia, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming
56
Wilmot proviso
Prohibited slavery in lands gained from Mexico
57
Territory probs after war
CA statehood - abolition slavery in district of colombia - enforce fugitive slave act - slavery in new terr
58
Comp of 1850
``` CA comes in as free Utah and new mex decide on slavery Sale of slavery banned in capital Fugitive slave act TX paid $10 by fed gov to surrenser New mex claim ```
59
Kansas-nebraska act
divide the area into two territories: Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south - repeal the Missouri Compromise - establish popular sovereignty for both territories.
60
Bleeding kansas
Missouri ruffians illegally stuffed ballots Antislavery settlers in Lawrence but army burns down -john browns Pottawatomie massacre
61
Nativism
the favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants
62
Parties in 1850s
American party (know nothings) anti immigrant/catholic Republican party anti slavery, anti immigrant/catholic Demo. Wanted to limit national gov Expansion of slavery Free soil party- against slavery expansion, objected to slavery takin whites jobs
63
Dred scott case
Slave was taken north for four years, and went back to missouri where owner died -court rules slaves didnt have rights MI comp is unconstitutional -couldnt ban slavery anywhere
64
Scalawags
Insulting name confeds called southerners who joined rep party
65
Carpetbagger
Insult name confeds gave northerners who came to south after civil war
66
Freedmen
Freed african a and former slaves
67
Johnsons reconstruction plan
Goal: restore union and allow old confed leaders to return to power
68
South resistance to johnsons plan
Black codes passed KKK and other white groups organize Race riots
69
The end of reconstruction
The backdrop- in north, railroad/industrial expansion | In south- bussiness pressured republicans to give up reconst. To promote capital investment and dev in south
70
Election if 1876
Samuel tilden (dem) won pop vote over rutherford hayes (rep) but no electoral votes, votes sent bCK but were illegal since white dem violence keot reps from voting, congress commity(rep) gave all votes to Hayes
71
Compromise of 1877
Gov invest millions in south for railroads and shipping and union troops would leave south
72
Lincolns recons plan and criticism
Unify nation End slavery Radical repubs in confress wanted to punish south; disliked

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