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Test 5/28 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who won 1856 election

A

James Buchanan

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2
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A

March 1857
Supreme Court (Roger Taney) decided: Slaves dont have constitutional rights (cant sue in fed court)
Congress cannot ban slavery anywhere bc slaves are property
Even MO comp is unconstitutional

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3
Q

Reaction to Dred Scott Decision

A

North: frustrated
South: happy, getting protection of slave OWNERS’ rights

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4
Q

What state constitution did kansas get

A

PRO slavery state constitution even though population was 10 to 1 against slavery but its sent back and made antislavery

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5
Q

Five issues dividing north and south

A
  1. CA was to enter Union as free state
  2. TX claims half of New Mexico
  3. South wants to expand slavery to all new territories
  4. North wants to end slavery in capital
  5. South upset North is letting slaves escape
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6
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

August 8 1846 PA democrat David Wilmot

-meant CA & utah and new mexico would be closed to slavery forever

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7
Q

Views on Wilmot Proviso

A

North (house of reps): supported; angry at south refusal to vote for construction roads and canals etc
South (senate): opposed; feared balance of balance to north

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8
Q

CA joining Union

A

Late 1849s held const. convention, adopted state const, elected govenor and legislature; forbade slavery

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9
Q

Why did south assume CA would be pro slavery

A

Most of CA lay south of MA Comp line

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10
Q

President zachary taylor on CA statehood

A

Supported CA as free state; felt south could do better by leaving slavery to individual states not congress

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11
Q

How did south see CA statehood

A

A threat; block to slavery and attack on southern life, thought of succession

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12
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

-CA is free state
-Utah and New Mexico decided slavery
-Fed gov paid TX $10M to surrender claim to New Mexico
-sale of slaves banned in capital
-fugitive slave act
(Rejected first, then passed)

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13
Q

Why did Webster promote the compromise of 1850

A

To prevent s carolina from succeeding

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14
Q

After Clay left, who picked up the pro compromise reins

A

Stephen A Douglas of Illinois

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15
Q

Milliard Fillmore

A

President zachary taylor’s successor who said taylor supported compromise

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16
Q

Fugitive slave Act (views) and Personal Liberty Paws

A

Some northerners resisted by sending african americans to canada
-9 north states passed personal liberty laws which forbade imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed jury trials

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17
Q

Underground RR

A

Network to help fugitives,

Harriet Tubman born a slave, became conductor helped 300 slaves, later became speaker for abolitionist

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18
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Published Uncle Toms Cabin
Northern abolitionists icreased protests against fugitive act
Southerners criticized book as an attack

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19
Q

Stephen Douglas; nebraska and kansas

A

Was pushing for contrucgion of railroad between chicago and san fran, to get route he had to negotiate w south who wants railroad to start in new orleans

  • believed most of nation wished to see western lands added
  • would strengthen democratic party
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20
Q

What did stephen douglas do to win over south?

A

Support repeal of Missouri conpromise -slavery would be legal in north

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21
Q

Kansas - Nebraska Act

A

Jan 23 1854 nebraska in north, kansas in south, repeal MO comp, establish popular sovereignty
-with help from president Franklin Pierce(Democrat) it passed may 1854

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22
Q

Views on Neb-Kansas Act

A

Some northerners saw it as plot to turn territories into slave states
South supported

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23
Q

What happened in kansas election for legislature

A

Thousands of proslavery missourians led by David Atchison voted illegally for proslavery candidates (set up gov at Lecompton)

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24
Q

Rival Gov in Kansas

A

Abolitionists set up gov in Topeka and created free constitution but wasnt accepted by congress

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25
Lawrence, Kansas (sack of Lawrence)
Antislavery setters settled here, until proslavery grand jury condemned them traitors and posse of armed men (border ruffians) swept in and burned their hq
26
Senator Charles Sumner
Made fiery speech called "the crime against Kansas" in senate and insulted proslavery senators, especially Andrew Butler
27
John Brown
Abolitionist; mistaken impression of attack on Lawrence and senator attack, he and followers killed give proslavery men (Pottawatomie Massacre)
28
Impact of Pottawatomie Massacre
Triggered dozens of incidents, 200 people killed, known as Bleeding Kansas Anti slavery town of Osawatomie was attacked by missourians
29
Preston brooks
Nephew of Andrew Butler beat Summer w cane
30
Whig issues
Split over slavery, lost South vote when General Winfield Scott became whig nominee bc of North
31
American Party (Know Nothings)
1854; Believed in nativism, favoring native born americans over (catholic) immigrants -split over slavery
32
Where did the know nothings split over slavery
Northerns went to republican party | Southerns went to democratic party
33
Which party actively sought to recruit immigrant working men
Democrats
34
What were three central issues the republican party supported
Antislavery Anti immigrants (catholics) Strong national governments
35
What did proslavery men in Lecompton create
Proslavery constitution to submit to US congress in application for statehood; congress rejected it as illegitimate and sent it back
36
State constitutional convention in Kansas city
Free state advocates in majority Drafted constitution that prohibited slavery; voted by people Kansas became 34th state in 1861
37
Liberty Party
Purse the cause of abolition by passed new laws | -won enough votes to throw election to democrat James K Polk instead of Whig Henry Clay
38
Free Soil Party
Opposed extension of slavery in territories Sent message that even if northerners didnt favor abolition they opposed extension of slavery -objected slaverys impact on free white workers
39
Northern free soilers
Werent abolitionishts | Supported laws prohibiting black settlement in their communities and denying blacks right to vote
40
Democratic Party
Supported dev in western states Supported states rights Wanted to limit nation gov power
41
Northern demo vs southern demo
North- supported popular sovereignty Supoorters: northern immigrant workers South- expansion if slavery Supporters: southern plantation owners
42
Election of 1856
Dem- james buchanan (won bc if south) Rep- john fremont American party- millard fillmore (north refuse help bc he favors slavery, theyd support fremont)
43
Republican party
Among founders was Horace Greeley Opposed kansas neb act Wanted slavery out of territories
44
Lessons if 1856 election
Dem can win if they can carry the south and bit of north Rep can srsly challenge dem in north American P divided in decline
45
Abraham lincoln
Rep party noninated for US senate against Stephen Diugkas
46
What did President Buchanan endorse and why
The proslavery Lecompton const bc the south won him presidency -provoked stepen douglas who persuaded congress for another vote on the const, south saw him as traitor
47
Lincoln vs Douglas Debate
Douglas (wins) believed in pop sov (it was get rid of slavery itself), didnt think slavery was evil, lost south support Lincoln believed slavery was immoral, doubted it'd stop w/o legislation outlawing it, wasnt for equality, accused douglas as defender of slavery
48
Freeport Doctrine
Second debate, lincoln asked if settlers could exclude slavery before territory became state Douglas said despite supreme c's ruling (dred case), slavery could be prevented by the refusal of people living in the territory to pass laws favorable to slavery
49
Harpers Ferry, VA
John Brown led men into town to seize fed arsenal, distribute arms to slaves and start uprising No slaves came forward, brown was hung
50
Reaction to browns death
North expressed admiration Crowds gathered to hear speakers attack south South was outraged, assaulted whites suspected of holding antislave views, feared north was plotting slave uprising
51
Presidential convention 1860 (Rep)
Chicago, William Seward was thought to be successful Lincoln won; seemed moderate in views, pledged to halt slave expansion, To south he was evil
52
Election of 1860
Dem split over slavery, north backed Stephen, south backed John Breckinridge Constitutional Union Party(ignored slavery) nominated John Bell Lincoln won; no votes from south
53
Sucession
South Carolina led way on Dec 20 1860 Mississippi followed Jan 9 1861 Next day Florida Within weeks, Alabama, GA, Lousiana, and TX seceded
54
Confederacy
Delegates met in AL, formed confederate const, elected Jefferson Davis of Miss. as president
55
Fort Sumter
South Carolina Fort, commander Major Anderson. Confederacy demanded surrender. If lincoln order navy to shoot into charleston harbor he'd be responsible for hostilities whic would cause remaining slave states to secede. If he ordered fort to evacuate he would be treating confederacy as nation; would anger rep party
56
Jefferson on Sumter fort
Chose war, bombarded fort until anderson surrendered
57
More seceding
April 17 VA seceded (most populated in south) In may ARkansas, tenn, and n carolina followed (11 confederate states)
58
West Va
Were anti slavery and joined union in 1863
59
Remaining slave states in union
Maryland, delaware, kentucky, and missouri
60
How old r u
6

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